path: root/2023/captions/emacsconf-2023-steno--programming-with-steno--daniel-alejandro-tapia--main.vtt

WEBVTT captioned by Daniel Alejandro Tapia

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Stenotypy is a system of typing

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where you press multiple keys at the same time,

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letting you send more than one letter at a time.

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This is a video from the 1920s.

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The man is holding a stenotype, a device used for stenotypy.

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This particular one is called Grandjean.

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It's made for the French language.

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In this demonstration,

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the man is going to be dictating a passage,

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first, slowly and then quickly.

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The lady on the left doesn't have trouble keeping up.

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She's using stenotypy.

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The lady on the right is a good typist,

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but she can't keep up when the dictation gets faster.

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I'm nowhere near as fast as this lady.

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She's extremely skilled.

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I'm not even a tenth of what she is.

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I don't use Grandjean, I use Melani,

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which is a system for Castilian and Italian.

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If I want to make the word solo, I press S, O, L,

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which is made by two keys, and O.

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Here's what that looks like.

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The hyphen between S and O means that

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the S is on the left side,

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and the rest of the letters are on the right side.

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If I want to write the word sólo,

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which is just like the previous word,

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but with the first O accented,

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I would press the asterisk key.

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In Melani, the asterisk is used

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to put an accent on a letter.

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If you speak English,

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then you would likely use the Ireland system.

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S-E-T makes the word set.

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In Ireland, you can make a long vowel sound

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by pressing the two thumb keys

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on the other side of the vowel you want to make long.

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S-long-E-T makes the word seat.

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This is me programming.

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After a few lines, I'll explain what's going on.

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In GNU Emacs, you can create abbreviations

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that expand to strings.

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For example, you can create an abbrev, like btwx,

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that will expand to "by the way"

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when you succeed btwx with a space or some punctuation.

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Here that's what I'm doing.

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I type d and then emacs, which expands to this.

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But this is a different kind of expansion

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from a simple string like by the way.

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This one has structure.

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It has interesting points that I can jump to.

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It's called a skeleton.

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This is the skeleton.

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The part that I want you to focus on is the @ symbols.

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Those are the interesting points that I jump to.

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So, at one interesting point,

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I can write the name of the function,

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at another interesting point, the arguments

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if the function will need them, the doc string,

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and finally the body.

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When I get to the body, I use stenotypy

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to write the words of the functions I'm looking for.

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Then I call a completion framework

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to choose from a list of candidates.

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This completion framework doesn't care

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what order the words are in or how many words I use.

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This completion framework is called Corfu,

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which stands for COmpletion in Region FUnction.

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And I'm using a package called Orderless

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to make it stronger.

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Here, I use another skeleton, the same one as before.

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This time, it has an argument.

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Then, when I get to the body, I write another skeleton,

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one that has an interesting point between the quotes

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and creates a new line

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right underneath it.

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I typed i and then emacs,

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and I got the interactive skeleton.

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Now, I use another skeleton,

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but these ones differ

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because it prompts me for a string,

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and I can make the skeleton as long as I want.

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If I keep entering text in the prompt,

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then Emacs will keep making the skeleton bigger.

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When I enter an empty string, it knows to stop asking,

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and it sends me to the point

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I've designated to go to when a skeleton is created.

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That's what the underscore means.

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I type c and then Emacs, and I get the condition skeleton.

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And then I use Corfu and Orderless to program.

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On two functions, I use a dabbrev.

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A dabbrev is a dynamic abbreviation.

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Here's how it works.

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If I have three strings

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that begin with S-T, string, strawberry, and stop,

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I can write S-T and then call dabbrev expand.

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First, this will give me stop

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because I'm nearest to the word stop.

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Then when I call it again, I'll get strawberry.

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And if I call it a third time, I'll get string.

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If I start off with S-T-R, then I'll get strawberry first

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and then string.

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I used dabbrev twice in this function.

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If you read the top of the screen,

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you can see which commands I use and how I invoke them.

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Finally, I use one last skeleton

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to map the function I just wrote to a hotkey.

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In this case, C-o.

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Here we can see what the function I just wrote does.

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It opens a line with the line below indented

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if it isn't blank.

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I've kept the old behavior with an argument of zero

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and done something for when I use a negative argument.

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You can see the interesting points.

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I could jump to any of them or cycle through them.

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I normally use a 9-to-16 setup.

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To me, Emacs, and computing in general,

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is much more pleasant to use that way.

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When I stenotype a word,

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a space is sent immediately afterwards.

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Orderless treats spaces as delimiters.

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This is very helpful

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because I can enter commands with stenotypy,

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without having to worry about

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whether words are in the right order.

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Lem, spelled L-E-M, is another Emacs.

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It's extremely powerful.

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But Lem doesn't have skeletons, not yet at least.

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So I'm going to program the traditional way.

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Nothing fancy, just left-to-right programming.

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With Plover, you have dictionaries.

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I added Fibonacci to my dictionary.

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I made my own dictionary from scratch.

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But if you don't want to do that,

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there are free dictionaries available

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that have many words already in them,

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saving you lots of time.

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The reason I made my dictionary from scratch

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is because I wanted to know my system inside and out.

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On one stroke, I typed T.

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And, on the next stroke, I stenotyped coalton.

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And then I got (coalton-toplevel and a new line.

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It's similar to what I did in GNU Emacs

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when I expanded a skeleton.

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This is actually not stenotypy,

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but a different kind of steno, known as serial steno.

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Plover is capable of this as well.

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Here are some things that Plover can do.

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Plover can glue words,

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like if you need to make a compound word.

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It can break a compound word.

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You can press keys to turn off Plover

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or to turn it back on.

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You can case words the way you want,

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uppercase, lowercase, capitalize.

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You can change your stenotype layout,

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like, say, if you want to use Grandjean for French,

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Melani for Castilian, and Ireland for English.

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All of that's possible.

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Here I should note that I'm using a Plover plugin

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called Full Keyboard Steno.

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It makes my entire keyboard into a stenotype.

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Lem also has a completion feature built in.

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But I didn't need it for the code that I wrote.

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It's quite good.

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In summary, if you add in the symbols

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that you're going to need when you're programming,

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you'll be fine.

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Even without skeletons,

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Plover is nice to use for programming.

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The search tool is the primary way of navigating in Emacs.

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Every Emacser can be measured

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by their skill with the search tool.

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C-s begins a forward search.

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The s stands for search.

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I'm reading Aesop's Fables,

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and I want to look for the word fox.

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So I press C-s and type fox.

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If I want to go back to the beginning of the word fox,

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I press C-r, which stands for reverse search.

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With Stenotypy, spaces are added to the end of words,

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so sometimes that causes problems.

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We can remedy that by changing the way

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Emacs interprets our whitespace.

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When I press C-M-s [alt control s],

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whitespace is interpreted as a wildcard.

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It's a function I made myself.

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fox mask will take me to the fox and the mask.

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The whitespace is a wildcard.

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For me, Ctrl-s makes the whitespace literal.

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I like having both options available to me:

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literal whitespace and wildcard whitespace.

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Say I want to find the cat and the fox,

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one of my favorite fables.

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I write cat fox, but I don't get what I want.

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I've written a function that reverses

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the order of my search query.

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Now I get what I want.

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Searching like this is very convenient.

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In Lem, we can do something similar.

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I want to read The Fox and the Lion.

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I search for Lion Fox. Notice those words are capitalized.

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Now I'm going to transform the last two words

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into a regular expression

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so that the order doesn't matter.

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And now I can find the fable I'm looking for.

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I did this with a plugin called Retro Stringop,

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op meaning operation.

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I can perform any operation on the last n words.

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Let's look at that.

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The 2 means that I want to do something

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to the last two words.

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The operation I'm performing is Python code.

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To be honest, I don't know any Python,

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but string manipulation is easy to understand.

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If you do know Python, then you can make your own plugins

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and even help with the development of Plover.

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A feature I like in Lem is that

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when you gracefully exit search with Enter or C-m,

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what you searched for is highlighted.

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You can cycle through the results, the highlights,

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and you can toggle the highlights on or off.

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1978, John Kulp designs a keyboard

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known as the Space Cadet Keyboard.

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This keyboard has many distinctive qualities,

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one being the modifiers, numbering seven in total:

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Shift, Control, Meta, Super, Hyper, Greek, and Top.

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This keyboard influences the development of Emacs.

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2000, designer Kiyoshi Kimura and programmer Yoji Hagia

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release SandS, a program that lets you turn your spacebar

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into a dual-function key,

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sending space on tap

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and acting as the Shift modifier on hold.

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This idea, the dual-function key,

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later revolutionizes typing.

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These two concepts, the space cadet modifiers

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and the dual-function key, can be combined.

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I use a program called Kanata

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to put all the modifiers on my homerow.

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When I tap the letter a, I get an a.

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If I hold it down for longer than 200 milliseconds,

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it acts as the Meta modifier,

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and really I can add

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as many layers to my keyboard as I want.

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I don't use a little stenotype.

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Thanks to Full Keyboard Steno, the Plover plugin,

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I use my whole keyboard.

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I have an alternative keyboard layout on it,

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so, even when I'm typing in the traditional way,

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it feels amazing.

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My layout is called Kuron, and I lay it over Melani

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so that I have both available to me at all times.

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I don't get them confused because I set them off

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with the way I press keys.

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If I press one key at a time,

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I'm using Kuron, my keyboard layout.

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If I press multiple keys at the same time

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and let them go quickly,

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then I'm using stenotypy, in my case Melani.

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And if I hold one key longer than 200 milliseconds,

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then I'm activating it as a modifier key or a layer key.

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I always know what state I'm in by the way I press my keys.

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It's impossible for me to get confused.

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Holding multiple modifiers is not a problem

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because the keycaps used for stenotypy are flat and square.

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Pressing two or more keys at once

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with the same finger is easy.

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Notice how close they are to each other.

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In stenotypy, the homerow is the border

00:20:25.660 --> 00:20:28.139
between the two rows of keys.

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It took me a while to get used to it,

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but now that I am used to it, I quite like it.

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So if I have to press a hotkey

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with all six modifiers, Shift, Control, Meta,

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Alt, Hyper, Super, it's easy.

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Thanks to Kanata, I have a Greek layer on my board.

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Additionally, I have alpha, beta, and gamma layers

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that send sequences of keys that I can use as hotkeys

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in both GNU Emacs and Lem.

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Maybe you noticed a few while I was programming.

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Now it's possible to bring the Space Cadet

00:21:12.960 --> 00:21:17.219
to any keyboard and to build on its wonderful ideas.

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Here I'll note that another Emacser, Excalamus,

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has made a page called Plover with Emacs,

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with information on how to use Emacs

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with the standard stenotype,

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the one that has two rows,

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the one I call a little stenotype.

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While I use my full keyboard,

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I understand how a small board can be useful.

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Finger movement is greatly reduced,

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leading to a very ergonomic typing experience.

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In fact, all of the speed records

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are set with this stenotype, the standard stenotype.

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There are many great ideas on this page.

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Thank you, Excalamus.

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Special thanks to Richard Stallman,

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the creator of GNU Emacs and the Free Software Foundation,

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Sasaki Ryosuke, first name Ryosuke,

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the creator and lead developer of Lem,

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Mirabai Knight, the creator of the Open Steno Project,

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which oversees the development of Plover,

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and jtroo, the creator and lead developer of Kanata.

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The views expressed in this talk are solely my own.

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I have no connection to any of the parties mentioned herein

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and therefore cannot be seen

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as representing them in any capacity.

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What I've said cannot be taken as medical advice.

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I used the TranSide theme for GNU Emacs in this talk.

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It's beautiful and functional.

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I love how the code looks, and I can read the comments.

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In Lem, I used Gruber.

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Again, the comments are readable, and the code looks nice.

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When I first started using Emacs,

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I used the Wheatgrass theme.

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Another theme that I love is os1.

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It's a light, warm, modern theme for Emacs

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inspired by film palettes.

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Regarding typography, for programming,

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I used JuliaMono, which was designed by Cormullion.

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It's extensive, and it's beautiful.

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For graphics, I used PromptFont,

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which was made by Yukari Hafner.

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She's very talented.

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I really like her work, including this font.

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There are so many packages that I love in Emacs.

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If I talked about all of them,

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my talk would last for days,

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so I'm only going to mention three.

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Keycast.

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At the top of the screen,

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you can see the commands I'm executing

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and how I'm invoking those commands.

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That's Keycast.

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Rainbow Delimiters is another one I like.

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It lets me know visually

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when my parentheses are out of balance.

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Very helpful when I'm programming in Lisp.

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Moodline is another.

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The modeline is where I can see relevant information

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about the file I'm working on.

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Moodline only gives me the information I want.

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I'm not really worried about too many things, just

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the file name, the mode I'm in, and where I am in the file.