path: root/2020/subtitles/emacsconf-2020--07-beyond-vim-and-emacs-a-scalable-ui-paradigm--sid-kasivajhula.vtt

WEBVTT

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"Far away in the heavenly abode of the

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great god Indra,

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there is a wonderful net which has been

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hung by some cunning artificer

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in such a manner that it stretches out

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infinitely in all directions.

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In accordance with the extravagant

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tastes of deities, the artificer has hung

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a single glittering jewel in each eye of

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the net,

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and since the net itself is infinite, the

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jewels are infinite in number.

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There hang the jewels, glittering like

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stars in the first magnitude,

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a wonderful sight to behold. Were we to

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select one of these jewels for

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inspection,

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we would discover that in its polished

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surface there are reflected

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all the other jewels in the net, infinite

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in number.

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If we look still more closely, we would

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see that each of the jewels reflected in

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this one jewel

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reflects all the others." This is the

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metaphor of Indra's Net,

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which is told in some schools of

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philosophy. Let's keep this metaphor in

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mind,

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because it'll help us understand the

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Emacs extension that we're about to

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discuss.

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In editing text, there's two

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main paradigms: one

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is editing at the ground level,

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where the characters that we type

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actually appear on the screen,

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the changes we make actually occur.

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The other editing paradigm is where we

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escape to a higher level

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and now the characters that we type are

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not...

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They don't actually appear on the screen

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because we're not at the ground level

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with the text, we are at a higher level

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looking down at the text

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and regarding the text, referring to

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this world of text in terms of a

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language.

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For instance, we could describe this

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world as having words and paragraphs and

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sentences and

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lines and so on. We could reason

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about this

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text in terms of these

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textual entities and this textual

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language.

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This is the second paradigm of text

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editing.

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When we're in the second paradigm,

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there is a way to go down to ground

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level. You hit Enter

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now--or we'll hit Enter to go down to the

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ground level, and you can hit Escape

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to go back out to the referential level.

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Enter to go down to ground level

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and Escape to go up to the referential

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level.

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Now, in Vim, the nouns

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in this world of text all

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share the same referential plane which

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we call

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normal mode. So in normal mode, all of the

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nouns

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of the world of text are available,

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whether it's words or sentences or

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paragraphs,

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and they all share this same

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referential plane.

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They compete for space on the

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keyboard.

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An alternative 

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way to structure these modes is instead

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of having a single mode where all the

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nouns coexist,

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peacefully or otherwise, you instead

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have a dedicated mode for every noun.

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In that case, what happens is because

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your modal spaces are now much smaller,

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you're just talking about words or

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paragraphs or

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lines or something, the keys that you use

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can be much more targeted.

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You can use the same keystrokes in

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in all of your modes and they would have

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the same ideas behind them, but

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they would have different effects

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depending on which context you're using.

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It's the same keystrokes, different

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contexts.

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The advantage of that is it's often

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easier

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to change context than it is to

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learn new key bindings. So let's see

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an example of how that works. We go into

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character mode, and if you look at the

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mode line at the bottom of the screen there,

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you'll see that we're in character mode.

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Now, when we move up, down, left, and

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right, we're moving by character.

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We can also transform the text, and

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the transformations occur in terms of

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character.

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You can also go into word mode. In

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word mode,

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the transformations that you do are on

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words.

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and you try... Your movement is also in

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terms of words.

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So that's the level of granularity that

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you have.

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You could also go to line mode. When

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you're in line mode,

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you go up and down by line, and you can

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move lines

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up and down left and right and so on.

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The transformations you do are in

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terms of lines.

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You could also go to window mode, where

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now the objects that you're referring to

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are windows. You can

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move spatially amongst the windows or

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do transformations on the windows

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using the same keystrokes.

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So let's go to...

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Right. One of the things,

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the principles that play here is

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something called the Rumpelstiltskin

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principle, which is something

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that's known in computer science.

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If you can name something, then

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you have power over it. This is

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kind of an adaptation of that principle

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which says that if you can

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name something and if you can talk about

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it, then it's a noun

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in your editing language. If it's a

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noun, then it has...

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It's a mode. So if we can talk about it,

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it's a noun.

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If it's a noun, then it's a mode. One

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of the things we've been talking a lot

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about

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is modes. In fact,

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by this principle, modes also

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should be a mode.

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You should have a mode that can reason

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in terms of modes as objects, just like

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you have

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modes where you can reason in terms of

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words or lines as objects.

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So let's do that. Let's go to mode

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mode.

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When you go to mode mode, you see that 

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the objects that are depicted here are

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the modes that are

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present in the buffer,

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which we knew about because the

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style of editing that we had in this

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buffer was the Vim style of editing

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where there's an insert mode at the

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ground level and a normal mode that you

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can escape to.

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You insert, enter the ground level.

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Enter to the insert mode and escape to

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normal mode. When you look at the

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mode mode

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representation, you see that in fact that

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is the structure that's depicted.

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But in different situations, you might

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find

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that these modes are not the

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ones that you want. You want something

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more tailored for the specific

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application.

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For instance, if you're editing

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Lisp code (or code in general, but

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Lisp code is a particular example),

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you might want to take advantage of the

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structure of

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the code. For Lisp code in particular,

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we have a mode called symex-mode

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which is able to reason

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about your code in terms of its tree

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structure.

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So you can use the same keystrokes: hjkl

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goes

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left, right, up, and down, but you also have

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other keystrokes that are more

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specialized to the application.

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You can run the code.

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We'll see that happen here in a minute.

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You can make changes to it really

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quickly

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and see the effects of those changes.

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You're doing this all in a mode

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that's convenient for

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this particular application, which is

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editing Lisp code,

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and that is, in this case, symex-mode.

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Typically, when you're editing code

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like this, you'd want to be

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in insert mode actually typing out the

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code,

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and then you'd want to escape to symex

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mode rather than normal mode,

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and then you could escape again and

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you'd end up in normal mode.

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So this, if we go to mode mode, we see is

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depicted

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as this tower where insert is at the

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bottom and normal is at the top, but

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symex-mode is in between

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the two. You could also change that if

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you like. If you don't want symex-mode to

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be there, you could just

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move it to the top. Now you find symex is

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at the top and you enter down to

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normal.

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You can see it on the status bar at the

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bottom there. Enter to insert,

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escape to normal, escape to symex.

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In fact, you can even add more modes if

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you don't like the existing ones.

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Now we have an additional mode here.

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We have window mode. It goes down to

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symex, it goes down to normal.

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Enter the insert, escape to normal, escape

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to symex, escape to window.

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So we've talked... Okay, so another thing

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actually to note here is that in editing

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modes,

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if you look at the mode line at the

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bottom of the screen,

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you'll see that we are currently, in this

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buffer,

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we are currently in line mode.

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I'm going to hit Enter now and

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you'll see that when I hit

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Enter, nothing is happening. It's still in

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line mode.

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If you hit Escape, it's still in line mode.

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You can find out the reason for that

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by taking another meta jump out of this.

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You'll see that, in fact, the reason

00:10:12.800 --> 00:10:15.279
is that we're currently in line mode,

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and line mode is the only one available

00:10:17.360 --> 00:10:19.519
in this tower

00:10:19.519 --> 00:10:21.760
for editing the modes that are in

00:10:21.760 --> 00:10:24.880
operation in your ground level.

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In fact, line mode is all you need

00:10:26.560 --> 00:10:28.320
here, because this is just

00:10:28.320 --> 00:10:30.320
the nature of how these modes are

00:10:30.320 --> 00:10:32.079
laid out is

00:10:32.079 --> 00:10:35.040
in rows. So line mode is the most

00:10:35.040 --> 00:10:36.399
appropriate thing here.

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But you could change it to something

00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:39.740
else if you like.

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Now we've seen two towers. We've

00:10:44.160 --> 00:10:44.560
seen

00:10:44.560 --> 00:10:48.079
the Vim tower and we've seen

00:10:48.079 --> 00:10:53.680
also the symex tower, the Lisp tower.

00:10:53.680 --> 00:10:56.959
It turns out that, because we've been

00:10:56.959 --> 00:10:58.880
talking about towers now,

00:10:58.880 --> 00:11:01.519
by the rumpelstiltskin principle, towers

00:11:01.519 --> 00:11:02.800
also

00:11:02.800 --> 00:11:06.399
can be talked about,

00:11:06.399 --> 00:11:09.279
and therefore they also are a mode. So

00:11:09.279 --> 00:11:11.200
how do we go to tower mode?

00:11:11.200 --> 00:11:14.640
The way we go to tower mode is 

00:11:14.640 --> 00:11:19.200
we go in a slightly different direction,

00:11:19.200 --> 00:11:20.800
and we find that we are now in tower

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mode.

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We see that there are many towers

00:11:27.440 --> 00:11:29.279
available. We're now...

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We're seeing several possible

00:11:32.640 --> 00:11:36.240
towers that we have written

00:11:36.240 --> 00:11:39.120
to be available and for use in

00:11:39.120 --> 00:11:41.440
different buffers. You can edit them

00:11:41.440 --> 00:11:44.000
on the fly. For instance, let's enter this

00:11:44.000 --> 00:11:46.630
tower.

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Now you see that in the bottom of

00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:51.519
the... In the mode line, you see that we're

00:11:51.519 --> 00:11:52.480
going

00:11:52.480 --> 00:11:54.240
across all of these different modes that

00:11:54.240 --> 00:11:56.480
were in the tower.

00:11:56.480 --> 00:11:58.800
You could escape and you could even

00:11:58.800 --> 00:12:00.399
move things around. You could put window

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mode

00:12:00.880 --> 00:12:02.399
all the way at the bottom, right above

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insert mode.

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Let's see that happen. There it is, window

00:12:06.880 --> 00:12:09.839
is right above insert, and

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so on. The tower always reflects your

00:12:13.040 --> 00:12:14.240
current position,

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so if you're in buffer mode here and you

00:12:15.760 --> 00:12:17.600
go down to line mode,

00:12:17.600 --> 00:12:19.120
when you go back to mode mode, you see

00:12:19.120 --> 00:12:22.480
that we are in line mode.

00:12:22.480 --> 00:12:24.000
But in practice, you wouldn't have a

00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:26.160
tower this elaborate because

00:12:26.160 --> 00:12:28.959
you'd rather have several smaller towers

00:12:28.959 --> 00:12:29.440
you enter,

00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:33.360
that you alternate between.

00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:36.639
Okay. So one

00:12:36.639 --> 00:12:39.839
other thing of interest here is that

00:12:39.839 --> 00:12:42.240
when you're in tower mode,

00:12:42.240 --> 00:12:43.839
if you look at the status line at the

00:12:43.839 --> 00:12:45.920
bottom there, we are currently

00:12:45.920 --> 00:12:49.200
in buffer mode while we are in tower

00:12:49.200 --> 00:12:49.839
mode.

00:12:49.839 --> 00:12:51.600
Tower mode actually isn't a mode

00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:53.519
really. Neither is mode mode. They're

00:12:53.519 --> 00:12:53.920
really

00:12:53.920 --> 00:12:58.000
referential planes or meta planes.

00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:00.959
In any case, you can see that we're in

00:13:00.959 --> 00:13:03.120
buffer mode. We can take a meta jump

00:13:03.120 --> 00:13:04.560
out of this to confirm

00:13:04.560 --> 00:13:07.120
that buffer mode is the only mode

00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:08.000
available

00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:10.560
when we're editing towers because that's

00:13:10.560 --> 00:13:11.200
the one

00:13:11.200 --> 00:13:14.240
we need, given that our towers are

00:13:14.240 --> 00:13:15.200
represented

00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:23.200
in individual buffers.

00:13:23.200 --> 00:13:26.000
Right. So let's see where we're

00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:26.320
at.

00:13:26.320 --> 00:13:28.240
Rumpelstiltskin principle... We talked

00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:30.160
about mode mode.

00:13:30.160 --> 00:13:32.240
We talked about the strange loop

00:13:32.240 --> 00:13:33.920
application of

00:13:33.920 --> 00:13:37.820
ground level modes in meta levels.

00:13:39.600 --> 00:13:42.240
We saw the different towers, and

00:13:42.240 --> 00:13:43.199
in fact,

00:13:43.199 --> 00:13:46.639
we're currently in

00:13:46.639 --> 00:13:50.720
Vim tower,

00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:53.120
where you can go to Emacs tower. Now,

00:13:53.120 --> 00:13:54.720
with a single keystroke, you can

00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:55.760
alternate

00:13:55.760 --> 00:13:59.040
between Emacs

00:13:59.040 --> 00:14:02.399
and Vim, which are represented--which are

00:14:02.399 --> 00:14:05.519
modeled as towers.

00:14:13.360 --> 00:14:15.360
So there's... One thing that we've

00:14:15.360 --> 00:14:17.040
sort of alluded to is that there are two

00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:18.160
directions

00:14:18.160 --> 00:14:20.480
that you can travel in when you're going

00:14:20.480 --> 00:14:22.399
through this framework.

00:14:22.399 --> 00:14:25.120
One direction is--and we'll

00:14:25.120 --> 00:14:33.760
visualize it like so...

00:14:33.760 --> 00:14:35.120
There's two directions you can travel,

00:14:35.120 --> 00:14:37.040
and you can either go sideways or you

00:14:37.040 --> 00:14:38.399
can go up and down.

00:14:38.399 --> 00:14:40.399
If you go sideways, you're changing your

00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:41.680
perspective.

00:14:41.680 --> 00:14:45.440
So normal mode, word mode, line mode,

00:14:45.440 --> 00:14:47.360
window mode, and so on are all different

00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:49.120
perspectives on your 

00:14:49.120 --> 00:14:51.680
ground editing experience.

00:14:51.680 --> 00:14:53.040
The other direction you can travel

00:14:53.040 --> 00:14:55.519
in is up or down, which takes you

00:14:55.519 --> 00:14:57.920
through meta levels. So you go from the

00:14:57.920 --> 00:14:59.600
ground level editing experience

00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:01.920
up to mode mode and then up to the tower

00:15:01.920 --> 00:15:03.440
plane and so on

00:15:03.440 --> 00:15:07.040
and so on.

00:15:07.040 --> 00:15:10.800
So this all sounds

00:15:10.800 --> 00:15:14.880
very complex, but the truth is

00:15:14.880 --> 00:15:18.160
it's not really that complicated

00:15:18.160 --> 00:15:21.519
even though it feels that way. The reason

00:15:21.519 --> 00:15:22.959
it isn't that complicated

00:15:22.959 --> 00:15:26.480
is because no matter how many levels

00:15:26.480 --> 00:15:28.800
up or down you go and no matter where

00:15:28.800 --> 00:15:30.160
you are,

00:15:30.160 --> 00:15:32.399
whether you're in at the ground level

00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.079
editing the actual text

00:15:34.079 --> 00:15:36.000
or whether you're at a meta level, some

00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:37.600
unknown meta level and you don't know

00:15:37.600 --> 00:15:39.279
where you are,

00:15:39.279 --> 00:15:42.320
no matter where you are, the way in which

00:15:42.320 --> 00:15:44.399
you interact with it

00:15:44.399 --> 00:15:47.519
is the same at every level.

00:15:47.519 --> 00:15:52.000
That is the great power of 

00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:55.440
this approach: that

00:15:55.440 --> 00:15:58.720
all of the different levels are the

00:15:58.720 --> 00:16:00.880
same.

00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:03.839
In fact, the complexity of the whole

00:16:03.839 --> 00:16:05.759
is exactly identical to the

00:16:05.759 --> 00:16:08.720
complexity of each part, so if you know

00:16:08.720 --> 00:16:10.000
how to edit words

00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:12.959
in the ground level buffer and you know

00:16:12.959 --> 00:16:13.440
how to move

00:16:13.440 --> 00:16:15.839
lines around using line mode, then you

00:16:15.839 --> 00:16:16.720
know how to edit

00:16:16.720 --> 00:16:19.519
any aspect of your editing experience at

00:16:19.519 --> 00:16:22.800
any level.

00:16:30.079 --> 00:16:32.000
So this is a pre-release demo. This

00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:33.839
doesn't exist on MELPA

00:16:33.839 --> 00:16:36.880
yet, but you can follow updates 

00:16:36.880 --> 00:16:40.079
at this repo on github.

00:16:40.079 --> 00:16:44.079
If you can also be a beta tester or

00:16:44.079 --> 00:16:45.199
something like that, if you like, that

00:16:45.199 --> 00:16:46.000
would be very

00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:49.199
helpful. You can learn more about

00:16:49.199 --> 00:16:50.560
this at

00:16:50.560 --> 00:16:53.920
drym.org, which is where I house

00:16:53.920 --> 00:16:55.920
the research that I work on. In

00:16:55.920 --> 00:16:57.279
particular

00:16:57.279 --> 00:17:00.800
the research on epistemic levels is what

00:17:00.800 --> 00:17:03.600
inspired this particular Emacs extension.

00:17:03.600 --> 00:17:06.480
You can also learn about dialectical

00:17:06.480 --> 00:17:08.480
inheritance attribution, which is the

00:17:08.480 --> 00:17:10.880
basis of

00:17:10.880 --> 00:17:14.559
a new economic system that could be fair

00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:16.959
and could lead to a prosperous and happy

00:17:16.959 --> 00:17:19.439
world.

00:17:19.439 --> 00:17:22.799
You can follow me on

00:17:22.799 --> 00:17:26.319
Twitter at @countvajhula. 

00:17:26.319 --> 00:17:31.919
That's it! Thank you.