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+# Music in Plain Text
+Jonathan Gregory
+
+[[!template id=vid vidid=mainVideo  src="https://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/emacsconf/2020/emacsconf-2020--04-music-in-plain-text--jonathan-gregory.webm" subtitles="/2020/subtitles/emacsconf-2020--04-music-in-plain-text--jonathan-gregory.vtt"]]  
+[Download compressed .webm video (15.6M)](https://media.emacsconf.org/2020/emacsconf-2020--04-music-in-plain-text--jonathan-gregory--compressed32.webm)  
+[Download compressed .webm video (13.8M, highly compressed)](https://mirror.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/emacsconf/2020/smaller/emacsconf-2020--04-music-in-plain-text--jonathan-gregory--vp9-q56-video-original-audio.webm)  
+[View transcript](#transcript)
+
+LilyPond is an extensible program for producing high-quality sheet
+music engraved with traditional layout rules. Similar to LaTeX and
+other typesetting programs, its input format describes the visual
+layout of the score using commands to define musical expressions. This
+makes collaboration easier, prevents users from having to adjust
+layout settings manually, and facilitates digital archiving and
+distribution of musical scores. In this talk, I begin with an overview
+of the LilyPond syntax and move on to showcase ways for producing
+algorithmic compositions and music books using Make, Org and
+LilyPond-mode.
+
+Source files and other materials can be found at
+<https://gitlab.com/jagrg/emacsconf-2020> and
+<https://gitlab.com/drumbook>.
+
+<!-- from the pad --->
+
+# Questions
+
+## Do you have any thoughts on generating scores in chant notation (neumes)?
+I'm not familiar with typesetting chant notation, so I suggest reading
+this specific section of the manual for information.
+
+## Do you use this to compose or to write up compositions&#x2026;?
+No and yes. I use pencil and paper to compose the first draft. Then I
+move to Emacs to input the notes. Either way it's certainly possible
+to compose from Emacs directly, especially if you're doing this
+programatically, so I guess it depends on what you're trying to do.
+
+## Can one use MIDI/USB instruments (like keyboards) to input LilyPond? For example for note heights?
+
+[Don't know about Emacs, but Frescobaldi supports MIDI input.]
+
+There is a package called `midi-kbd` which creates keyboard events
+from MIDI input, so I believe the answer is yes, but I don't own a
+MIDI device, so I haven't tried it.
+
+## Did you ever write huge scores (BigBand/Orchestra) in Emacs?
+Never, but that's certainly possible.
+
+## Is there a decent OCR for handwritten music→LilyPond?
+I'm not sure, but if the OCR works with MusicXML, then you can use the
+`musicxml2ly` command to convert the XML file to a LilyPond file.
+
+## What shell are you using with the fancy autocomplete?
+Zsh with fzf.
+
+## Do you use any kind of Emacs to MIDI interface besides exporting MIDI from LilyPond?
+No.
+
+# Notes
+- Emacs + LilyPond.
+- Similar to LaTeX — has its own file format and syntax, can also export to MIDI.
+- `(info "(lilypond-learning) Top")`
+- The contrast between background and foreground is a little too weak.
+- Uses LilyPond-mode, flycheck.
+- <https://orgmode.org/worg/org-contrib/babel/languages/ob-doc-lilypond.html>
+
+
+<!-- transcript: 2020/subtitles/emacsconf-2020--04-music-in-plain-text--jonathan-gregory.vtt -->
+<a name="transcript"></a>
+# Transcript
+
+[[!template new="1" text="Hello, everyone, and welcome to the EmacsConf." start="00:00:02.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I am Jonathan. In this talk," start="00:00:04.799" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I'm going to demonstrate ways of producing sheet music in Emacs" start="00:00:06.631" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="using Lilypond, and maybe also convince you" start="00:00:10.880" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="to use Emacs for writing your scores." start="00:00:14.636" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I'll start with an overview of the syntax" start="00:00:18.640" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="for those who are new to using" start="00:00:20.698" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="text-based notation" start="00:00:22.240" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="as a shallow dive into the deep pond" start="00:00:24.400" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="of lilies and Lilypond," start="00:00:26.615" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and move on to showcase" start="00:00:28.800" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="some of its functionalities using Org Mode and lilypond-mode." start="00:00:30.171" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="One disclaimer, however:" start="00:00:34.723" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I am not a Lilypond developer." start="00:00:37.173" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="So what is Lilypond?" start="00:00:40.480" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Lilypond is a file format and music engraving system" start="00:00:42.841" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="for producing high-quality sheet music." start="00:00:46.800" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="It translates textual representations" start="00:00:50.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="of music to graphical objects." start="00:00:52.442" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="It's similar to LaTeX in that" start="00:00:55.120" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="its input format describes" start="00:00:57.520" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="the visual layouts of the score," start="00:00:59.329" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="using commands to define musical expressions." start="00:01:01.600" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Commands begin with a backslash." start="00:01:05.119" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="For example, the formatter command, as shown on the left," start="00:01:07.760" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="yields its graphical equivalents on the right," start="00:01:10.791" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="the fermata symbol over the low B" start="00:01:13.920" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and so on and so forth." start="00:01:16.345" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="It's also fully extensible, like Emacs," start="00:01:19.119" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="allowing users to extend" start="00:01:21.600" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and override Lilypond's functionalities" start="00:01:23.119" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="using the Scheme scripting language." start="00:01:25.600" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="It can be used for early and contemporary music tablature," start="00:01:28.452" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="vocal music lead sheets, and so on." start="00:01:32.422" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Above all, it works with Emacs." start="00:01:35.200" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="In fact, Lilypond ships with Emacs Lisp libraries," start="00:01:38.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="including a major mode for editing Lilypond files." start="00:01:41.040" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="So the input files are similar to source files." start="00:01:47.360" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="They contain expressions formed with curly braces," start="00:01:50.560" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="comments that start with the percent sign," start="00:01:54.079" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and the code is indented." start="00:01:56.549" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Notes are entered using lowercase letters," start="00:02:00.240" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and rests with the letter r." start="00:02:02.903" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="In this case, the lowercase r or r4" start="00:02:05.600" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="is the equivalence of a crotchet or" start="00:02:08.800" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="quarter note rest." start="00:02:11.039" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Durations are entered using numbers" start="00:02:14.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and dots after the note name." start="00:02:15.938" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="If you do not specify one," start="00:02:18.480" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="the previous duration is used." start="00:02:20.196" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="You can also tie notes together using the tilde symbol (~)." start="00:02:22.640" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="In fact, you can input chords, lyrics," start="00:02:27.360" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="embellishments, and a lot more." start="00:02:30.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I encourage you to read the manual for more information." start="00:02:32.080" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Now let's switch to a terminal window." start="00:02:36.160" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="With Lilypond installed," start="00:02:39.680" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="let's create a test file with the extension .ly and open it in Emacs." start="00:02:41.247" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="At the top of the file is the version statement," start="00:02:50.560" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="which tells Lilypond" start="00:02:53.048" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="which version to use when compiling the file." start="00:02:54.395" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Here I'm using version 2.20.0." start="00:02:57.440" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I've added the clef and time signature." start="00:03:00.959" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Let's add some notes." start="00:03:04.159" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I'm going to close this now" start="00:03:09.280" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and compile the file" start="00:03:12.098" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="by running lilypond followed by the file name." start="00:03:13.765" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="So now let's view the output." start="00:03:19.760" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="Okay. So here's a more complex example" start="00:03:27.360" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="for randomizing note sequences." start="00:03:29.760" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="The idea is to create" start="00:03:32.239" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="new reading materials each time the code blocks are evaluated." start="00:03:33.410" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="As usual, we begin with a header." start="00:03:37.760" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I've added the title and composer." start="00:03:40.640" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Then we add the note sequences to use in the composition." start="00:03:43.541" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="In this case, sn is a note name just like" start="00:03:47.920" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="a b c d and so on, and stands for snare drum," start="00:03:51.200" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="the percussion instruments." start="00:03:54.959" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Now here's a function that's going to" start="00:03:58.879" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="shuffle the notes in the table." start="00:04:00.720" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Finally, we expand the notes inside" start="00:04:04.080" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="the Lilypond source block." start="00:04:06.560" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="So whatever the function returns" start="00:04:08.799" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="is expanded inside the drums block." start="00:04:10.684" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Now let's press C-c C-c to view the results." start="00:04:13.680" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Okay. And if I run this again, it should create a new composition." start="00:04:20.079" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Great. You can also audition a piece using the midi command," start="00:04:26.840" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="which creates a midi file of the score." start="00:04:31.360" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="Note also that the ob library--" start="00:04:34.320" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="sorry, the ob-lilypond library comes" start="00:04:36.560" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="with two modes." start="00:04:39.040" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="The one I'm using now is called arrange mode" start="00:04:40.400" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and is useful for assembling complete scores." start="00:04:43.440" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="The basic mode, on the other hand," start="00:04:47.120" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="allows you to mix text and music" start="00:04:49.015" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="by embedding Lilypond snippets and" start="00:04:51.199" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="export them using typical Org Mode commands." start="00:04:53.360" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="Now to demonstrate the basic mode in action." start="00:05:00.240" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I'm going to export this document" start="00:05:02.661" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="to a PDF file." start="00:05:04.320" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="In this case, the :file header argument is required," start="00:05:05.120" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="so you have to provide one" start="00:05:10.077" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and include the file name." start="00:05:11.919" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Again, you can run the code and view the results." start="00:05:15.600" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Here it is. So now let's export this to a PDF file." start="00:05:22.160" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="And here it is, what it generates." start="00:05:33.680" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="Now I'm going to show you the workflow I used" start="00:05:39.680" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="to produce music books in Emacs," start="00:05:41.716" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="combining Lilypond and LaTeX for a" start="00:05:44.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="perfect marriage." start="00:05:46.160" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I begin by sketching the first draft" start="00:05:48.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="of the manuscript using pencil and paper." start="00:05:49.858" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Then I move to Emacs to input the notes" start="00:05:53.039" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="in a git repository." start="00:05:55.039" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="This is a typical source file." start="00:05:57.440" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="It begins with a stylesheet" start="00:05:59.486" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="where I set variables and layout settings," start="00:06:01.360" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="although in general," start="00:06:03.690" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="there's no need for tweaking the layout" start="00:06:04.875" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="unless you have specific requirements to do so." start="00:06:07.039" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="The easiest way to compile the file from Emacs is by pressing C-c C-l," start="00:06:11.199" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="so let's do this now," start="00:06:15.520" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and the compilation buffer will tell you" start="00:06:19.280" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="if there were any errors in the file." start="00:06:21.199" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Now to automate the process of" start="00:06:23.759" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="compiling several files and building the PDF," start="00:06:25.439" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I use GNU Make, so all I have to do is" start="00:06:28.560" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="open the shell and run the make command. Don't worry," start="00:06:31.280" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I'll provide a link to the source code" start="00:06:36.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="on the last slide." start="00:06:37.840" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="As I moved forward with the project," start="00:06:41.600" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I found at least two things missing." start="00:06:43.494" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="One, I had no access to a metronome," start="00:06:46.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="at least not from the editor," start="00:06:48.720" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="so I built one for casual use" start="00:06:50.479" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and made it available in the MELPA repository." start="00:06:52.437" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I also missed bar numbers in the source file." start="00:06:55.919" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="This is useful when going back and forth" start="00:06:59.039" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="between input and output files without getting lost." start="00:07:00.880" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="So I wrote a command for toggling bar numbers," start="00:07:04.479" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="which I hope you can see on the left." start="00:07:07.290" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Also, some expressions are difficult or" start="00:07:10.000" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="slow to write on the keyboard--" start="00:07:12.080" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="accents and tuplets, for example--" start="00:07:14.160" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="so I use template expansion extensively for this purpose," start="00:07:16.490" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="mainly yasnippet." start="00:07:20.160" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template new="1" text="So what do I think?" start="00:07:23.440" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Well, I think Lilypond can be a sharp paradigm shift" start="00:07:24.797" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="for people used to GUI alternatives," start="00:07:28.080" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="but the results are impressive." start="00:07:30.817" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="You don't have to dive too deeply to" start="00:07:32.720" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="start using Lilypond." start="00:07:34.639" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Likewise, the ability to extend the software, I think," start="00:07:36.960" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="is especially appealing for music professionals," start="00:07:39.635" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="enthusiasts, composers, and the academic community:" start="00:07:42.400" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="for example, allowing users to create" start="00:07:46.560" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="alternative notation systems" start="00:07:48.400" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="required in non-Western music traditions" start="00:07:50.187" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and other non-conventional requirements." start="00:07:53.120" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="Also, Lilypond and Emacs both have" start="00:07:56.160" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="extensive and well-written manuals" start="00:07:58.400" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and active communities of users." start="00:08:00.720" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="But if you're still not sure" start="00:08:04.639" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="where to start and when to wedge your feet in the deep but warm pond" start="00:08:05.971" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="of lilies, Lilypond, and Lilypond users," start="00:08:10.475" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="I invite you to contribute to my Lilypond projects," start="00:08:13.680" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="which you can do so from the links on the screen." start="00:08:16.960" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="So, thank you all. I look forward to your comments," start="00:08:20.720" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]
+[[!template text="and I hope you enjoy the rest of the conference." start="00:08:23.271" video="mainVideo" id=subtitle]]