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-WEBVTT
-
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-hi
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-i'm zachary canfer and this is waving
-
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-and repetitive repetitive repetitive
-
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-music over quarantine i've been bored
-
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-and i found this android app that has a
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-bunch of mini games
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-one of which lets you compose music
-
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-and it works but i
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-want a little bit more functionality
-
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-than it offers it's not very flexible
-
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-so i thought what if i made this
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-what and what programs could i make this
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-in that are really flexible are really
-
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-customizable
-
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-emacs so i looked into it and
-
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-emacs can play sounds right if you hit
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-control g a couple times you'll hear
-
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-like an error tone
-
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-and it turns out that that is actually
-
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-playing a wave file
-
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-but what's a wave file
-
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-well it turns out that wave is a musical
-
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-file format
-
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-or really an annoying file format
-
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-so data in it can be an unsigned integer
-
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-or a science integer it's not consistent
-
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-and it's little ending by default which
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-is not the way i like to think about it
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-now you can set a wav file to be big
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-endian but if you do that
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-emacs can't play it so little ending it
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-is
-
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-there's also duplicate data fields
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-here are some fields that are fine but
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-then there's a fourth field that's
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-calculated based on multiplying two of
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-the other ones together
-
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-and then there's another data field
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-that's you multiply those three ones
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-together so it's just repetitive and
-
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-unnecessary but you have to do it or
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-it's not a valid wave file
-
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-also the last part of the file is
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-described as data
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-or as one website i found said
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-the actual sound data now
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-i don't know about you but when i see
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-that i think
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-what is a data it turns out
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-that sound is just a wave and
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-the data is just a bunch of measurements
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-of the height of that wave forming each
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-sample
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-so this wave starts at 8 goes 9 11 13
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-14 15 and then back down and if you just
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-take those measurements those numbers
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-put them in a file that's all your data
-
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-is
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-all right let's go to a demo of my
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-program
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-so this is what z music looks like the
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-blue highlighted row is a single beat
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-there's 16 of them in this z music file
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-and each dash in the row
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-is a single note increasing starting
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-really low all the way on the left and
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-going up
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-as we go to the right so if we started
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-playing
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-we won't hear anything but we'll see the
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-highlighted beat is the currently
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-playing one
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-and we see that it loops so we can stop
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-it
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-and now we can click to add some notes
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-even more than one note at the same time
-
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-works
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-and we can even add notes while it's
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-[Applause]
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-playing
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-[Applause]
-
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-okay here are some other features that i
-
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-didn't have time to demo
-
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-so you can save the music to a file and
-
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-this is interesting because normally
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-if there's no note in a beat we just
-
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-don't play that beat
-
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-but if you're writing to a file you have
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-to put something in
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-so when it's playing it knows to not
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-make a sound there
-
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-we can also use different scales we're
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-using the minor pentatonic
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-in the demo but you can use the major
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-scale the minor scale
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-or anything else and there's also
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-keyboard support but it sounds really
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-bad
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-and i'll explain why later
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-here are some things i learned while
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-writing z music
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-emacs has buttons which are great as
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-long
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-as you don't put two of them right next
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-to each other so if you do that
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-mousing over one of them highlights both
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-of them
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-now that's because a button is really
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-just a series of characters with a text
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-property to highlight them
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-so the fix is you put another character
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-between the two buttons
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-then mousing over one of them only
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-highlights the one you want
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-but even this doesn't work really great
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-for z music
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-because the music has a lot of very
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-small buttons in a row
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-so it's really easy to accidentally put
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-your cursor over the space
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-and click on that instead of the button
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-so i looked into unicode and i found
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-this character called
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-a zero width space so we should be able
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-to put that between buttons and not be
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-able to accidentally click on it
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-unfortunately a zeroth space isn't
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-actually zero width
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-if we put a hundred of them between two
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-other characters you can see there's
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-space there
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-and i think what's happening is the
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-space is zero width
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-but then emax put uses one pixel between
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-each pair of characters
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-for the cursor so it's almost zero width
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-some ways to play sound that don't quite
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-work play sound plays music
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-but it blocks you can't do things like
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-set other notes or even pause the music
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-and if you throw it into async.el it's
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-silent and i don't know why
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-so the solution i went with is taking
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-that wav file
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-ran into the file system and then
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-shelling out to a native executable to
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-play the sound
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-and that works fine as long as you only
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-do it once
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-because if you do it a couple times at
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-the same time like if you have a chord
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-and you want to play three notes
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-simultaneously
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-you get this weird interference and
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-that's actually why the keyboard from
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-before didn't work
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-also side effects have this unexpected
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-impact
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-uh when you saw the demo it was running
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-pretty smoothly
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-but if i just add one message statement
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-every beat for
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-debugging purposes i was getting lag and
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-jitter
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-here's the one thing i learned about
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-music theory music theory
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-is not easy to program
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-i was looking around to see what
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-concepts we can use to code the scales
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-to code the
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-notes the first thing that i saw is
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-scale degrees
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-and this when i looked into it you don't
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-want to program in scale degrees
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-so you see we have the first second
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-third fourth fifth sixth seventh but
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-then it wraps around that octave up
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-is also a first and that's because both
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-of those notes are c
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-uh so that didn't work and also you
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-couldn't really easily
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-specify a flat or sharp you could say
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-a sharp third uh or
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-you know a flat seventh or whatever but
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-then you kind of have these two pieces
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-of data that indicate the note and i
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-didn't i didn't love that
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-so i looked a little looked again and i
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-found intervals
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-and then i thought about it and you
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-don't really want to program in
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-intervals either
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-it fixes some of the problems with scale
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-degrees you see
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-all the way on the right you have an
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-octave so you wrap to 8 and you
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-go 9 10 and that works but you solve the
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-same problem you see you have a major
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-third but below we also have a minor
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-third so you saw that problem of having
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-two pieces of information
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-uh so i thought about it music's really
-
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-frequencies like an a is 440 hertz
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-so at a low level that's what we're
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-going to do we're just going to use
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-frequencies
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-and then at the one level above that uh
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-that's a little bit easier for humans to
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-think about
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-we're going to use semitones up from the
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-root which is kind of like scale degrees
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-but instead of just counting each note
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-as one more we're going to say how many
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-semitones up it is
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-so if there's a sharp between two notes
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-that's going to be two steps up instead
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-of just one
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-and then we translate those two
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-frequencies so your a is 440 hertz
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-another note might be
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-613.5
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-or whatever and we that's we use the low
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-level to play
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-some future work i have i want to add
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-some drums
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-i want to make that keyboard actually
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-work uh
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-and uh computers and synthesizers are
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-the only place you hear a pure sine wave
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-like the one we have here
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-so i want to add overtones or other
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-octaves above it uh just to make it
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-sound a little bit more realistic
-
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-i've put notes references in the source
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-code up at zck dot me slash emacs conf
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-2020 i'm one of the organizers of emacs
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-nyc
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-check that out and if you take a look
-
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-or have any thoughts i'd love to hear
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-them and
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-thanks so much for coming to my talk