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+WEBVTT
+
+00:00:10.480 --> 00:00:11.519
+hello relatives
+
+00:00:11.519 --> 00:00:15.040
+grant shangri is what they call me
+
+00:00:15.040 --> 00:00:18.960
+and all of you I gladly take your hand
+
+00:00:18.960 --> 00:00:22.160
+and shake it um
+
+00:00:22.160 --> 00:00:26.240
+greetings everyone
+
+00:00:26.240 --> 00:00:28.560
+today I'm going to talk about lakota
+
+00:00:28.560 --> 00:00:30.480
+language and Emacs and how
+
+00:00:30.480 --> 00:00:33.680
+free software and Emacs empowered me to
+
+00:00:33.680 --> 00:00:36.000
+write on the computer in the language of
+
+00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:39.520
+my ancestors
+
+00:00:39.520 --> 00:00:42.640
+um start off the look with the story of
+
+00:00:42.640 --> 00:00:45.760
+lakotiappi the lakota language
+
+00:00:45.760 --> 00:00:48.800
+the lakota dakota dialect area
+
+00:00:48.800 --> 00:00:52.160
+for those of you who you don't know
+
+00:00:52.160 --> 00:00:55.600
+the lakota dakota people are also known
+
+00:00:55.600 --> 00:00:56.840
+as the sioux
+
+00:00:56.840 --> 00:00:59.760
+and the tribes cover an
+
+00:00:59.760 --> 00:01:03.120
+area of roughly 10 us states and parts
+
+00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:05.199
+of canada and so this language is
+
+00:01:05.199 --> 00:01:08.479
+spoken over a wide range of of
+
+00:01:08.479 --> 00:01:11.520
+area
+
+00:01:11.520 --> 00:01:14.400
+however the us government policy
+
+00:01:14.400 --> 00:01:16.640
+directly tried to silence this language
+
+00:01:16.640 --> 00:01:18.640
+my father was taken to a boarding school
+
+00:01:18.640 --> 00:01:20.960
+and was punished for speaking
+
+00:01:20.960 --> 00:01:23.280
+his native language and so he didn't
+
+00:01:23.280 --> 00:01:25.119
+teach it to his children
+
+00:01:25.119 --> 00:01:28.880
+several generations of lakota and dakota
+
+00:01:28.880 --> 00:01:29.600
+people
+
+00:01:29.600 --> 00:01:31.600
+and other tribes all over the country
+
+00:01:31.600 --> 00:01:32.640
+lost
+
+00:01:32.640 --> 00:01:34.560
+lost their first language their native
+
+00:01:34.560 --> 00:01:38.320
+language so today only around 2000
+
+00:01:38.320 --> 00:01:41.040
+first first language native speakers are
+
+00:01:41.040 --> 00:01:43.119
+speaking lakota
+
+00:01:43.119 --> 00:01:44.960
+however there's language recovery
+
+00:01:44.960 --> 00:01:47.600
+projects that are empowering
+
+00:01:47.600 --> 00:01:49.759
+second language learners like myself to
+
+00:01:49.759 --> 00:01:51.720
+teach it to the new generation of
+
+00:01:51.720 --> 00:01:54.479
+children um
+
+00:01:54.479 --> 00:01:57.119
+which brings me to my story um I grew up
+
+00:01:57.119 --> 00:01:58.000
+without knowing
+
+00:01:58.000 --> 00:02:00.880
+my heritage um I didn't know who my
+
+00:02:00.880 --> 00:02:01.520
+father was
+
+00:02:01.520 --> 00:02:04.719
+both my parents were white um
+
+00:02:04.719 --> 00:02:07.119
+I discovered my biological family in
+
+00:02:07.119 --> 00:02:08.720
+around 2015
+
+00:02:08.720 --> 00:02:12.160
+was kind of a shock to me up until that
+
+00:02:12.160 --> 00:02:13.840
+point probably the only time I'd heard
+
+00:02:13.840 --> 00:02:15.520
+the lakota language was in
+
+00:02:15.520 --> 00:02:18.720
+the movie dances with wolves possibly
+
+00:02:18.720 --> 00:02:20.720
+some other times
+
+00:02:20.720 --> 00:02:24.160
+around nebraska I'd heard it um but
+
+00:02:24.160 --> 00:02:27.200
+even myself growing up you know pretty
+
+00:02:27.200 --> 00:02:28.319
+close to
+
+00:02:28.319 --> 00:02:30.560
+to lakota people and other native
+
+00:02:30.560 --> 00:02:32.239
+american people
+
+00:02:32.239 --> 00:02:34.560
+american indian people I kind of thought
+
+00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:36.640
+it was just dead I thought the language
+
+00:02:36.640 --> 00:02:39.760
+was not alive anymore um
+
+00:02:39.760 --> 00:02:42.000
+but in 2016 my daughter began her
+
+00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:43.920
+journey into this world and I
+
+00:02:43.920 --> 00:02:46.720
+I was doing a lot of searching to find
+
+00:02:46.720 --> 00:02:48.239
+out like what could I do
+
+00:02:48.239 --> 00:02:50.560
+you know not knowing my family not
+
+00:02:50.560 --> 00:02:51.920
+knowing my culture
+
+00:02:51.920 --> 00:02:54.080
+what could I do to try to bring that
+
+00:02:54.080 --> 00:02:55.280
+into our life
+
+00:02:55.280 --> 00:02:58.640
+um and so I found out about these
+
+00:02:58.640 --> 00:03:00.720
+lakota classes that were happening I
+
+00:03:00.720 --> 00:03:02.720
+went up to standing rock
+
+00:03:02.720 --> 00:03:04.560
+in north dakota and attended the lakota
+
+00:03:04.560 --> 00:03:06.640
+summer institute for three weeks
+
+00:03:06.640 --> 00:03:08.480
+and began my journey to learn the
+
+00:03:08.480 --> 00:03:09.680
+language so I can
+
+00:03:09.680 --> 00:03:13.120
+try to pass it on so
+
+00:03:13.120 --> 00:03:16.560
+this brings us to Emacs
+
+00:03:16.560 --> 00:03:19.200
+I could talk a lot more about my story
+
+00:03:19.200 --> 00:03:20.959
+I'm sure there's a lot to say
+
+00:03:20.959 --> 00:03:24.640
+but we're here to talk about Emacs um
+
+00:03:24.640 --> 00:03:26.319
+I was already a free software user at
+
+00:03:26.319 --> 00:03:29.040
+the time and at the lakota language
+
+00:03:29.040 --> 00:03:31.440
+uh institute they they were they're
+
+00:03:31.440 --> 00:03:33.280
+giving us software there's a dictionary
+
+00:03:33.280 --> 00:03:34.879
+you could get on android
+
+00:03:34.879 --> 00:03:37.360
+um there was a keyboard for android that
+
+00:03:37.360 --> 00:03:38.560
+you could type with
+
+00:03:38.560 --> 00:03:41.760
+they had keyboard input methods for mac
+
+00:03:41.760 --> 00:03:44.959
+and windows but I'm a linux user free
+
+00:03:44.959 --> 00:03:46.720
+software user
+
+00:03:46.720 --> 00:03:49.280
+so I didn't have access to those things
+
+00:03:49.280 --> 00:03:49.760
+as
+
+00:03:49.760 --> 00:03:53.120
+as easily as I could and I do a lot of
+
+00:03:53.120 --> 00:03:55.280
+my thinking and note taking in Emacs and
+
+00:03:55.280 --> 00:03:57.280
+in org mode
+
+00:03:57.280 --> 00:04:01.200
+and so being able to to write this
+
+00:04:01.200 --> 00:04:04.640
+to to um to write things down to type
+
+00:04:04.640 --> 00:04:07.680
+on my own computer uh was was pretty
+
+00:04:07.680 --> 00:04:08.720
+important to me
+
+00:04:08.720 --> 00:04:11.360
+and I wasn't much of an emax hacker yet
+
+00:04:11.360 --> 00:04:12.799
+at the time I had
+
+00:04:12.799 --> 00:04:15.519
+barely done anything mostly just you
+
+00:04:15.519 --> 00:04:16.720
+know hacked on my
+
+00:04:16.720 --> 00:04:20.479
+config file but this was a real
+
+00:04:20.479 --> 00:04:23.600
+chance for me to experience
+
+00:04:23.600 --> 00:04:27.280
+the the benefits of free software first
+
+00:04:27.280 --> 00:04:30.400
+hand and not just to benefit myself but
+
+00:04:30.400 --> 00:04:34.080
+to potentially benefit
+
+00:04:34.080 --> 00:04:36.080
+everyone anyone interested in learning
+
+00:04:36.080 --> 00:04:39.120
+this language
+
+00:04:39.120 --> 00:04:42.880
+so Emacs and
+
+00:04:42.880 --> 00:04:44.880
+that free software philosophy really
+
+00:04:44.880 --> 00:04:47.520
+empowered me so I began digging in
+
+00:04:47.520 --> 00:04:49.840
+um I looked I began reading the the
+
+00:04:49.840 --> 00:04:51.520
+manual more closely
+
+00:04:51.520 --> 00:04:53.680
+as an american I'm I'm sad to say
+
+00:04:53.680 --> 00:04:55.440
+there's not a lot of
+
+00:04:55.440 --> 00:04:58.479
+other languages spoken or written where
+
+00:04:58.479 --> 00:05:00.160
+I'm from
+
+00:05:00.160 --> 00:05:02.240
+so it's not common that I that I have to
+
+00:05:02.240 --> 00:05:04.720
+think about this with computers
+
+00:05:04.720 --> 00:05:07.600
+I know international people you know
+
+00:05:07.600 --> 00:05:09.120
+have had to come up with
+
+00:05:09.120 --> 00:05:11.280
+with interesting ways to to enter their
+
+00:05:11.280 --> 00:05:12.160
+text
+
+00:05:12.160 --> 00:05:14.800
+and Emacs is probably a pioneer in that
+
+00:05:14.800 --> 00:05:16.320
+I I'd like to know more about the
+
+00:05:16.320 --> 00:05:17.520
+history of this but
+
+00:05:17.520 --> 00:05:19.840
+there's a whole section in the manual on
+
+00:05:19.840 --> 00:05:22.160
+international Emacs
+
+00:05:22.160 --> 00:05:23.840
+and I began reading this and I was
+
+00:05:23.840 --> 00:05:25.440
+talking about
+
+00:05:25.440 --> 00:05:28.000
+different input methods and and how many
+
+00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:29.759
+different languages were supported and
+
+00:05:29.759 --> 00:05:31.680
+how you could enter the text and how it
+
+00:05:31.680 --> 00:05:33.680
+supports the different characters and so
+
+00:05:33.680 --> 00:05:34.560
+on
+
+00:05:34.560 --> 00:05:36.639
+um I even noticed a few languages
+
+00:05:36.639 --> 00:05:38.880
+support several input methods
+
+00:05:38.880 --> 00:05:41.840
+that became important for me later on as
+
+00:05:41.840 --> 00:05:43.440
+I was working on this
+
+00:05:43.440 --> 00:05:45.280
+many many languages are already
+
+00:05:45.280 --> 00:05:46.720
+supported so
+
+00:05:46.720 --> 00:05:48.479
+those of you who haven't looked into
+
+00:05:48.479 --> 00:05:50.080
+this yet if you press
+
+00:05:50.080 --> 00:05:52.639
+control backslash it will open up a
+
+00:05:52.639 --> 00:05:53.680
+selection menu
+
+00:05:53.680 --> 00:05:57.039
+for you to to select um
+
+00:05:57.039 --> 00:05:59.120
+your input method and you can there's
+
+00:05:59.120 --> 00:06:01.440
+207 listed here
+
+00:06:01.440 --> 00:06:03.120
+that's including the two that I've
+
+00:06:03.120 --> 00:06:04.639
+contributed
+
+00:06:04.639 --> 00:06:09.199
+um so 205 on on a vanilla Emacs
+
+00:06:09.199 --> 00:06:11.120
+so that's a lot of languages supported
+
+00:06:11.120 --> 00:06:13.840
+by emac Emacs but there's so many more
+
+00:06:13.840 --> 00:06:17.440
+that could be um and since Emacs is free
+
+00:06:17.440 --> 00:06:19.280
+software and it is what it is I knew
+
+00:06:19.280 --> 00:06:20.000
+that defining
+
+00:06:20.000 --> 00:06:22.639
+a new input method was surely possible
+
+00:06:22.639 --> 00:06:23.039
+um
+
+00:06:23.039 --> 00:06:25.440
+unfortunately the the manual didn't
+
+00:06:25.440 --> 00:06:27.120
+describe it directly or at least I
+
+00:06:27.120 --> 00:06:28.800
+didn't pick it up so
+
+00:06:28.800 --> 00:06:30.960
+um you know the new emax hacker that I
+
+00:06:30.960 --> 00:06:32.319
+was I
+
+00:06:32.319 --> 00:06:34.880
+I timidly dove down into the source code
+
+00:06:34.880 --> 00:06:37.360
+and discovered the quail package
+
+00:06:37.360 --> 00:06:40.479
+um so back in the day apparently there
+
+00:06:40.479 --> 00:06:40.960
+was
+
+00:06:40.960 --> 00:06:44.560
+mule which is like the
+
+00:06:44.560 --> 00:06:47.360
+multi I don't I don't know it stood for
+
+00:06:47.360 --> 00:06:48.000
+something about
+
+00:06:48.000 --> 00:06:50.160
+language environments and and it has
+
+00:06:50.160 --> 00:06:51.759
+evolved
+
+00:06:51.759 --> 00:06:54.960
+and at some point um some japanese
+
+00:06:54.960 --> 00:06:58.000
+uh coders created an input method called
+
+00:06:58.000 --> 00:06:59.039
+tamago
+
+00:06:59.039 --> 00:07:03.599
+which means egg in japanese and uh
+
+00:07:03.599 --> 00:07:06.720
+tamago evolved into quail and they
+
+00:07:06.720 --> 00:07:08.800
+in the comments you can see they talk
+
+00:07:08.800 --> 00:07:10.720
+about how the quail egg is eaten in
+
+00:07:10.720 --> 00:07:12.800
+japan it's a smaller thing and
+
+00:07:12.800 --> 00:07:15.280
+the quail mode is like a nicer version
+
+00:07:15.280 --> 00:07:16.960
+of tamago I guess and
+
+00:07:16.960 --> 00:07:19.039
+there's a pun saying they hoped it would
+
+00:07:19.039 --> 00:07:22.639
+egg people on to create more input modes
+
+00:07:22.639 --> 00:07:26.240
+and quail is quite nice I looked into it
+
+00:07:26.240 --> 00:07:28.479
+and there's basically two things you use
+
+00:07:28.479 --> 00:07:30.720
+quail defined package and quail define
+
+00:07:30.720 --> 00:07:32.240
+rules
+
+00:07:32.240 --> 00:07:36.080
+so quail defined package
+
+00:07:36.080 --> 00:07:38.960
+you can see here is a function it's
+
+00:07:38.960 --> 00:07:41.759
+probably a macro that takes a name
+
+00:07:41.759 --> 00:07:43.599
+a language a title and some optional
+
+00:07:43.599 --> 00:07:44.879
+stuff which
+
+00:07:44.879 --> 00:07:48.319
+I didn't really have to deal with
+
+00:07:48.319 --> 00:07:50.479
+define name is a new quail package for
+
+00:07:50.479 --> 00:07:52.400
+input language title is a string to be
+
+00:07:52.400 --> 00:07:52.879
+split
+
+00:07:52.879 --> 00:07:54.400
+at the mode line to indicate this
+
+00:07:54.400 --> 00:07:57.120
+package
+
+00:07:57.120 --> 00:08:00.879
+so I began trying to do lakota input now
+
+00:08:00.879 --> 00:08:03.039
+this is a whole thing on its own because
+
+00:08:03.039 --> 00:08:04.240
+the lakota language
+
+00:08:04.240 --> 00:08:07.680
+was never written um
+
+00:08:07.680 --> 00:08:10.800
+pre-contact and post contact
+
+00:08:10.800 --> 00:08:12.879
+like there's several attempts at writing
+
+00:08:12.879 --> 00:08:14.800
+it and different orthographies
+
+00:08:14.800 --> 00:08:16.960
+and there's drama around all of this
+
+00:08:16.960 --> 00:08:19.360
+stuff
+
+00:08:19.360 --> 00:08:21.120
+it's pretty common to have drama going
+
+00:08:21.120 --> 00:08:24.160
+on in any american indian stuff
+
+00:08:24.160 --> 00:08:26.560
+going on so as I was doing this I
+
+00:08:26.560 --> 00:08:28.479
+started with the suggested lakota
+
+00:08:28.479 --> 00:08:29.680
+orthography which
+
+00:08:29.680 --> 00:08:32.880
+is actually called by its authors the
+
+00:08:32.880 --> 00:08:35.680
+the standard lakota orthography but its
+
+00:08:35.680 --> 00:08:36.959
+authors are
+
+00:08:36.959 --> 00:08:40.880
+um are european
+
+00:08:40.880 --> 00:08:43.039
+um the main author is a man named jan
+
+00:08:43.039 --> 00:08:45.040
+ulrich and I appreciate all his work and
+
+00:08:45.040 --> 00:08:46.160
+I'm grateful for
+
+00:08:46.160 --> 00:08:49.360
+the materials he's made available but um
+
+00:08:49.360 --> 00:08:51.040
+it's a little bit problematic because
+
+00:08:51.040 --> 00:08:54.160
+it's not an orthography created by
+
+00:08:54.160 --> 00:08:56.720
+our people by lakota people so there's
+
+00:08:56.720 --> 00:08:57.920
+another one called the white hat
+
+00:08:57.920 --> 00:09:00.080
+orthography which is created by albert
+
+00:09:00.080 --> 00:09:01.839
+whitehat who's a teacher
+
+00:09:01.839 --> 00:09:04.480
+um from the chichanguk tribe so I
+
+00:09:04.480 --> 00:09:05.360
+created two
+
+00:09:05.360 --> 00:09:08.640
+and thankfully emax lets me do that so
+
+00:09:08.640 --> 00:09:10.720
+it's pretty simple quail defined package
+
+00:09:10.720 --> 00:09:11.680
+I just
+
+00:09:11.680 --> 00:09:13.279
+say the package I want and then all
+
+00:09:13.279 --> 00:09:15.360
+these nils and t's for options I don't
+
+00:09:15.360 --> 00:09:16.480
+actually know what they mean but it
+
+00:09:16.480 --> 00:09:18.240
+works
+
+00:09:18.240 --> 00:09:20.240
+I could look it up and then quail define
+
+00:09:20.240 --> 00:09:22.640
+rules just defines mappings from ascii
+
+00:09:22.640 --> 00:09:23.600
+keys to
+
+00:09:23.600 --> 00:09:26.640
+the the text you want to put in so
+
+00:09:26.640 --> 00:09:29.680
+for this one there's a nasal n and then
+
+00:09:29.680 --> 00:09:33.600
+a dot and a macron like a wedge shape
+
+00:09:33.600 --> 00:09:36.640
+for marking up the consonants
+
+00:09:36.640 --> 00:09:39.839
+so that one's pretty easy and then the
+
+00:09:39.839 --> 00:09:41.760
+suggested lakota orthography is a little
+
+00:09:41.760 --> 00:09:43.040
+bit more difficult
+
+00:09:43.040 --> 00:09:45.600
+but still pretty easy I just map a
+
+00:09:45.600 --> 00:09:46.800
+sequence of keys
+
+00:09:46.800 --> 00:09:49.760
+a followed by the apostrophe makes the
+
+00:09:49.760 --> 00:09:51.760
+accented vowels so all of those
+
+00:09:51.760 --> 00:09:53.519
+and then again we have the hot checks
+
+00:09:53.519 --> 00:09:55.839
+for the guttural sounds of the language
+
+00:09:55.839 --> 00:09:58.399
+and the nasal end so that's it basically
+
+00:09:58.399 --> 00:09:59.120
+these two
+
+00:09:59.120 --> 00:10:02.480
+definitions allow me to type
+
+00:10:02.480 --> 00:10:06.560
+lakota language in Emacs um
+
+00:10:06.560 --> 00:10:09.279
+and it's great it works great publishing
+
+00:10:09.279 --> 00:10:09.920
+it
+
+00:10:09.920 --> 00:10:11.760
+is another problematic thing I wanted to
+
+00:10:11.760 --> 00:10:13.839
+use free software to do that
+
+00:10:13.839 --> 00:10:16.079
+so the first thing I did was I I posted
+
+00:10:16.079 --> 00:10:17.600
+on sourcehut
+
+00:10:17.600 --> 00:10:19.440
+which is great it's a good alternative
+
+00:10:19.440 --> 00:10:20.959
+for a git forge
+
+00:10:20.959 --> 00:10:22.880
+and I got it published on melba so the
+
+00:10:22.880 --> 00:10:24.000
+lakota input
+
+00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:25.760
+package is available if you'd like to
+
+00:10:25.760 --> 00:10:27.760
+try it out
+
+00:10:27.760 --> 00:10:29.839
+and bandali one of our hosts for the
+
+00:10:29.839 --> 00:10:31.680
+conference is helping me now
+
+00:10:31.680 --> 00:10:33.200
+through the process of committing the
+
+00:10:33.200 --> 00:10:35.279
+code to Emacs
+
+00:10:35.279 --> 00:10:37.120
+because I would like to do that I would
+
+00:10:37.120 --> 00:10:39.279
+like it to be available to everyone
+
+00:10:39.279 --> 00:10:41.680
+through Emacs itself so that anyone who
+
+00:10:41.680 --> 00:10:43.279
+wants to use it just has to download
+
+00:10:43.279 --> 00:10:43.920
+Emacs
+
+00:10:43.920 --> 00:10:46.240
+and there you go you can type lakota
+
+00:10:46.240 --> 00:10:47.120
+language
+
+00:10:47.120 --> 00:10:50.160
+so uh pila maya thank you
+
+00:10:50.160 --> 00:10:53.279
+all for listening and
+
+00:10:53.279 --> 00:10:55.920
+I hope to see you around in our Emacs
+
+00:10:55.920 --> 00:10:58.320
+community
+
+00:10:58.320 --> 00:11:04.720
+uh day