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+WEBVTT
+
+00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:04.799
+Hello, everyone, and welcome to the EmacsConf.
+
+00:00:04.799 --> 00:00:07.200
+I am Jonathan. In this talk I'm going
+
+00:00:07.200 --> 00:00:09.599
+to demonstrate ways of producing sheet
+
+00:00:09.599 --> 00:00:10.880
+music in Emacs
+
+00:00:10.880 --> 00:00:14.320
+using Lilypond, and maybe also convince
+
+00:00:14.320 --> 00:00:18.640
+you to use Emacs for writing your scores.
+
+00:00:18.640 --> 00:00:20.400
+I'll start with an overview of the
+
+00:00:20.400 --> 00:00:22.240
+syntax for those who are new to using
+
+00:00:22.240 --> 00:00:24.400
+text-based notation
+
+00:00:24.400 --> 00:00:26.800
+as a shallow dive into the deep pond of
+
+00:00:26.800 --> 00:00:28.800
+lilies and Lilypond,
+
+00:00:28.800 --> 00:00:30.800
+and move on to showcase some of its
+
+00:00:30.800 --> 00:00:32.960
+functionalities using Org Mode
+
+00:00:32.960 --> 00:00:36.320
+and lilypond-mode. One disclaimer,
+
+00:00:36.320 --> 00:00:40.480
+however: I am not a Lilypond developer.
+
+00:00:40.480 --> 00:00:44.079
+So what is Lilypond? Lilypond is
+
+00:00:44.079 --> 00:00:46.800
+a file format and music engraving system
+
+00:00:46.800 --> 00:00:50.000
+for producing high-quality sheet music.
+
+00:00:50.000 --> 00:00:52.640
+It translates textual representations of
+
+00:00:52.640 --> 00:00:55.120
+music to graphical objects.
+
+00:00:55.120 --> 00:00:57.760
+It's similar to LaTeX in that its
+
+00:00:57.760 --> 00:01:00.000
+input format describes the visual
+
+00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:01.600
+layouts of the score,
+
+00:01:01.600 --> 00:01:03.520
+using commands to define musical
+
+00:01:03.520 --> 00:01:05.119
+expressions.
+
+00:01:05.119 --> 00:01:07.760
+Commands begin with a backslash.
+
+00:01:07.760 --> 00:01:08.640
+For example,
+
+00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:10.479
+the formatter command, as shown on the
+
+00:01:10.479 --> 00:01:13.040
+left, yields its graphical equivalents on
+
+00:01:13.040 --> 00:01:13.920
+the right,
+
+00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:16.640
+the fermata symbol over the low B and
+
+00:01:16.640 --> 00:01:19.119
+so on and so forth.
+
+00:01:19.119 --> 00:01:21.600
+It's also fully extensible, like Emacs,
+
+00:01:21.600 --> 00:01:23.119
+allowing users to extend
+
+00:01:23.119 --> 00:01:25.600
+and override Lilypond's functionalities
+
+00:01:25.600 --> 00:01:26.640
+using the Scheme
+
+00:01:26.640 --> 00:01:29.840
+scripting language. It can be used for
+
+00:01:29.840 --> 00:01:31.600
+early and contemporary music
+
+00:01:31.600 --> 00:01:34.479
+tablature, vocal music lead sheets, 
+
+00:01:34.479 --> 00:01:35.200
+and so on.
+
+00:01:35.200 --> 00:01:38.000
+Above all, it works with Emacs.
+
+00:01:38.000 --> 00:01:38.479
+In fact,
+
+00:01:38.479 --> 00:01:41.040
+Lilypond ships with Emacs Lisp libraries,
+
+00:01:41.040 --> 00:01:43.119
+including a major mode for editing 
+
+00:01:43.119 --> 00:01:47.360
+Lilypond files.
+
+00:01:47.360 --> 00:01:50.000
+So the input files are similar to 
+
+00:01:50.000 --> 00:01:50.560
+source files.
+
+00:01:50.560 --> 00:01:52.560
+They contain expressions formed with
+
+00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:54.079
+curly braces,
+
+00:01:54.079 --> 00:01:55.840
+comments that start with the percent
+
+00:01:55.840 --> 00:02:00.240
+sign, and the code is indented.
+
+00:02:00.240 --> 00:02:02.159
+Notes are entered using lowercase
+
+00:02:02.159 --> 00:02:05.600
+letters, and rests with the letter r.
+
+00:02:05.600 --> 00:02:08.800
+In this case, the lowercase r or r4
+
+00:02:08.800 --> 00:02:11.039
+is the equivalence of a crotchet or
+
+00:02:11.039 --> 00:02:14.000
+quarter note rest.
+
+00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:16.160
+Durations are entered using numbers and
+
+00:02:16.160 --> 00:02:18.480
+dots after the note name.
+
+00:02:18.480 --> 00:02:20.959
+If you do not specify one, the previous
+
+00:02:20.959 --> 00:02:22.640
+duration is used.
+
+00:02:22.640 --> 00:02:24.560
+You can also tie notes together using
+
+00:02:24.560 --> 00:02:27.360
+the tilde symbol (~).
+
+00:02:27.360 --> 00:02:30.000
+In fact, you can input chords, lyrics,
+
+00:02:30.000 --> 00:02:32.080
+embellishments, and a lot more.
+
+00:02:32.080 --> 00:02:33.920
+I encourage you to read the manual for
+
+00:02:33.920 --> 00:02:36.160
+more information.
+
+00:02:36.160 --> 00:02:39.680
+Now let's switch to a terminal window.
+
+00:02:39.680 --> 00:02:42.000
+with Lilypond installed, let's create
+
+00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:43.840
+a test file with the extension
+
+00:02:43.840 --> 00:02:50.560
+.ly and open it in Emacs.
+
+00:02:50.560 --> 00:02:52.400
+At the top of the file is the version
+
+00:02:52.400 --> 00:02:54.800
+statement, which tells Lilypond which
+
+00:02:54.800 --> 00:02:57.440
+version to use when compiling the file.
+
+00:02:57.440 --> 00:03:00.959
+Here I'm using version 2.20.0.
+
+00:03:00.959 --> 00:03:04.159
+I've added the clef and time signature.
+
+00:03:04.159 --> 00:03:09.280
+Let's add some notes.
+
+00:03:09.280 --> 00:03:12.400
+I'm going to close this now and
+
+00:03:12.400 --> 00:03:14.560
+compile the file by running
+
+00:03:14.560 --> 00:03:19.760
+lilypond followed by the file name.
+
+00:03:19.760 --> 00:03:27.360
+So now let's view the output.
+
+00:03:27.360 --> 00:03:29.760
+Okay. So here's a more complex example
+
+00:03:29.760 --> 00:03:32.239
+for randomizing note sequences.
+
+00:03:32.239 --> 00:03:34.080
+The idea is to create new reading
+
+00:03:34.080 --> 00:03:36.239
+materials each time the code blocks are
+
+00:03:36.239 --> 00:03:37.760
+evaluated.
+
+00:03:37.760 --> 00:03:40.640
+As usual, we begin with a header.
+
+00:03:40.640 --> 00:03:41.840
+I've added the title
+
+00:03:41.840 --> 00:03:45.200
+and composer. Then we add the note
+
+00:03:45.200 --> 00:03:47.920
+sequences to use in the composition.
+
+00:03:47.920 --> 00:03:51.200
+In this case, sn is a note name just like
+
+00:03:51.200 --> 00:03:54.959
+a b c d and so on, and stands for snare drum,
+
+00:03:54.959 --> 00:03:58.879
+the percussion instruments.
+
+00:03:58.879 --> 00:04:00.720
+Now here's a function that's going to
+
+00:04:00.720 --> 00:04:04.080
+shuffle the notes in the table.
+
+00:04:04.080 --> 00:04:06.560
+Finally, we expand the notes inside
+
+00:04:06.560 --> 00:04:08.799
+the Lilypond source block.
+
+00:04:08.799 --> 00:04:10.799
+So whatever the function returns is
+
+00:04:10.799 --> 00:04:13.680
+expanded inside the drums block.
+
+00:04:13.680 --> 00:04:16.479
+Now let's press C-c C-c to view
+
+00:04:16.479 --> 00:04:20.079
+the results.
+
+00:04:20.079 --> 00:04:23.280
+Okay. And if I run this again, it should
+
+00:04:23.280 --> 00:04:26.840
+create a new composition.
+
+00:04:26.840 --> 00:04:29.680
+Great. You can also audition a piece
+
+00:04:29.680 --> 00:04:31.360
+using the midi command,
+
+00:04:31.360 --> 00:04:34.320
+which creates a midi file of the score.
+
+00:04:34.320 --> 00:04:36.560
+Note also that the ob library--
+
+00:04:36.560 --> 00:04:39.040
+sorry, the ob-lilypond library comes
+
+00:04:39.040 --> 00:04:40.400
+with two modes.
+
+00:04:40.400 --> 00:04:42.560
+The one I'm using now is called
+
+00:04:42.560 --> 00:04:43.440
+arrange mode
+
+00:04:43.440 --> 00:04:45.440
+and is useful for assembling 
+
+00:04:45.440 --> 00:04:47.120
+complete scores.
+
+00:04:47.120 --> 00:04:49.360
+The basic mode on the other hand allows
+
+00:04:49.360 --> 00:04:51.199
+you to mix text and music
+
+00:04:51.199 --> 00:04:53.360
+by embedding Lilypond snippets and
+
+00:04:53.360 --> 00:04:55.440
+export them using typical Org Mode
+
+00:04:55.440 --> 00:05:00.240
+commands.
+
+00:05:00.240 --> 00:05:02.320
+Now to demonstrate the basic mode in
+
+00:05:02.320 --> 00:05:04.320
+action. I'm going to export this document
+
+00:05:04.320 --> 00:05:05.120
+to a PDF file.
+
+00:05:05.120 --> 00:05:08.240
+In this case, the
+
+00:05:08.240 --> 00:05:10.639
+:file header argument is required, so you
+
+00:05:10.639 --> 00:05:11.919
+have to provide one
+
+00:05:11.919 --> 00:05:15.600
+and include the file name.
+
+00:05:15.600 --> 00:05:17.919
+Again, you can run the code and view 
+
+00:05:17.919 --> 00:05:22.160
+the results.
+
+00:05:22.160 --> 00:05:25.840
+Here it is. So now let's
+
+00:05:25.840 --> 00:05:33.680
+export this to a PDF file.
+
+00:05:33.680 --> 00:05:39.680
+And here it is, what it generates.
+
+00:05:39.680 --> 00:05:41.440
+Now I'm going to show you the workflow I
+
+00:05:41.440 --> 00:05:44.000
+used to produce music books in Emacs,
+
+00:05:44.000 --> 00:05:46.160
+combining Lilypond and LaTeX for a
+
+00:05:46.160 --> 00:05:48.000
+perfect marriage.
+
+00:05:48.000 --> 00:05:50.160
+I begin by sketching the first draft of the
+
+00:05:50.160 --> 00:05:53.039
+manuscript using pencil and paper.
+
+00:05:53.039 --> 00:05:55.039
+Then I move to Emacs to input the notes
+
+00:05:55.039 --> 00:05:57.440
+in a git repository.
+
+00:05:57.440 --> 00:06:00.080
+This is a typical source file. It begins
+
+00:06:00.080 --> 00:06:01.360
+with a stylesheet
+
+00:06:01.360 --> 00:06:03.199
+where I set variables and layout
+
+00:06:03.199 --> 00:06:05.440
+settings, although in general, there's no
+
+00:06:05.440 --> 00:06:07.039
+need for tweaking the layout
+
+00:06:07.039 --> 00:06:09.280
+unless you have specific requirements to
+
+00:06:09.280 --> 00:06:11.199
+do so.
+
+00:06:11.199 --> 00:06:13.360
+The easiest way to compile the file from
+
+00:06:13.360 --> 00:06:15.520
+Emacs is by pressing C-c C-l,
+
+00:06:15.520 --> 00:06:19.280
+so let's do this now,
+
+00:06:19.280 --> 00:06:21.199
+and the compilation buffer will tell you
+
+00:06:21.199 --> 00:06:23.759
+if there were any errors in the file.
+
+00:06:23.759 --> 00:06:26.000
+Now to automate the process of compiling
+
+00:06:26.000 --> 00:06:28.560
+several files and building the PDF,
+
+00:06:28.560 --> 00:06:31.280
+I use GNU Make, so all I have to do is
+
+00:06:31.280 --> 00:06:32.560
+open the shell
+
+00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:36.000
+and run the make command. Don't worry,
+
+00:06:36.000 --> 00:06:37.840
+I'll provide a link to the source code
+
+00:06:37.840 --> 00:06:41.600
+on the last slide.
+
+00:06:41.600 --> 00:06:43.600
+As I moved forward with the project, I
+
+00:06:43.600 --> 00:06:46.000
+found at least two things missing.
+
+00:06:46.000 --> 00:06:48.720
+One, I had no access to a metronome,
+
+00:06:48.720 --> 00:06:50.479
+at least not from the editor,
+
+00:06:50.479 --> 00:06:52.960
+so I built one for casual use and made
+
+00:06:52.960 --> 00:06:55.919
+it available in the MELPA repository.
+
+00:06:55.919 --> 00:06:59.039
+I also missed bar numbers in the source file.
+
+00:06:59.039 --> 00:07:00.880
+This is useful when going back and forth
+
+00:07:00.880 --> 00:07:03.199
+between input and output files without
+
+00:07:03.199 --> 00:07:04.479
+getting lost.
+
+00:07:04.479 --> 00:07:06.720
+So I wrote a command for toggling bar
+
+00:07:06.720 --> 00:07:10.000
+numbers, which I hope you can see on the left.
+
+00:07:10.000 --> 00:07:12.080
+Also, some expressions are difficult or
+
+00:07:12.080 --> 00:07:14.160
+slow to write on the keyboard--
+
+00:07:14.160 --> 00:07:17.039
+accents and tuplets, for example--so I use
+
+00:07:17.039 --> 00:07:20.160
+template expansion extensively for this purpose,
+
+00:07:20.160 --> 00:07:23.440
+mainly ya-snippet.
+
+00:07:23.440 --> 00:07:25.680
+So what do I think? Well, I think
+
+00:07:25.680 --> 00:07:28.080
+Lilypond can be a sharp paradigm shift
+
+00:07:28.080 --> 00:07:31.039
+for people used to GUI alternatives, but
+
+00:07:31.039 --> 00:07:32.720
+the results are impressive.
+
+00:07:32.720 --> 00:07:34.639
+You don't have to dive too deeply to
+
+00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:36.960
+start using Lilypond.
+
+00:07:36.960 --> 00:07:38.880
+Likewise, the ability to extend the
+
+00:07:38.880 --> 00:07:40.720
+software, I think, is especially appealing
+
+00:07:40.720 --> 00:07:42.400
+for music professionals,
+
+00:07:42.400 --> 00:07:45.199
+enthusiasts, composers, and the academic
+
+00:07:45.199 --> 00:07:46.560
+community:
+
+00:07:46.560 --> 00:07:48.400
+for example, allowing users to create
+
+00:07:48.400 --> 00:07:50.800
+alternative notation systems required in
+
+00:07:50.800 --> 00:07:53.120
+non-Western music traditions
+
+00:07:53.120 --> 00:07:56.160
+and other non-conventional requirements.
+
+00:07:56.160 --> 00:07:58.400
+Also, Lilypond and Emacs both have
+
+00:07:58.400 --> 00:08:00.720
+extensive and well-written manuals
+
+00:08:00.720 --> 00:08:04.639
+and active communities of users.
+
+00:08:04.639 --> 00:08:06.400
+But if you're still not sure where to
+
+00:08:06.400 --> 00:08:09.599
+start and when to wedge your feet in the deep
+
+00:08:09.599 --> 00:08:12.160
+but warm pond of lilies, Lilypond, and
+
+00:08:12.160 --> 00:08:13.680
+Lilypond users,
+
+00:08:13.680 --> 00:08:15.680
+I invite you to contribute to my 
+
+00:08:15.680 --> 00:08:16.960
+Lilypond projects,
+
+00:08:16.960 --> 00:08:18.800
+which you can do so from the links on
+
+00:08:18.800 --> 00:08:20.720
+the screen.
+
+00:08:20.720 --> 00:08:22.800
+So, thank you all. I look forward to your
+
+00:08:22.800 --> 00:08:24.639
+comments, and I hope you enjoy the rest
+
+00:08:24.639 --> 00:08:27.840
+of the conference.