WEBVTT captioned by Daniel Alejandro Tapia
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Stenotypy is a system of typing
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where you press multiple keys at the same time,
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letting you send more than one letter at a time.
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This is a video from the 1920s.
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The man is holding a stenotype, a device used for stenotypy.
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This particular one is called Grandjean.
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It's made for the French language.
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In this demonstration,
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the man is going to be dictating a passage,
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first, slowly and then quickly.
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The lady on the left doesn't have trouble keeping up.
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She's using stenotypy.
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The lady on the right is a good typist,
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but she can't keep up when the dictation gets faster.
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I'm nowhere near as fast as this lady.
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She's extremely skilled.
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I'm not even a tenth of what she is.
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I don't use Grandjean, I use Melani,
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which is a system for Castilian and Italian.
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If I want to make the word solo, I press S, O, L,
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which is made by two keys, and O.
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Here's what that looks like.
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The hyphen between S and O means that
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the S is on the left side,
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and the rest of the letters are on the right side.
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If I want to write the word sólo,
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which is just like the previous word,
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but with the first O accented,
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I would press the asterisk key.
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In Melani, the asterisk is used
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to put an accent on a letter.
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If you speak English,
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then you would likely use the Ireland system.
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S-E-T makes the word set.
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In Ireland, you can make a long vowel sound
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by pressing the two thumb keys
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on the other side of the vowel you want to make long.
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S-long-E-T makes the word seat.
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This is me programming.
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After a few lines, I'll explain what's going on.
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In GNU Emacs, you can create abbreviations
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that expand to strings.
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For example, you can create an abbrev, like btwx,
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that will expand to "by the way"
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when you succeed btwx with a space or some punctuation.
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Here that's what I'm doing.
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I type d and then emacs, which expands to this.
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But this is a different kind of expansion
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from a simple string like by the way.
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This one has structure.
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It has interesting points that I can jump to.
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It's called a skeleton.
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This is the skeleton.
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The part that I want you to focus on is the @ symbols.
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Those are the interesting points that I jump to.
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So, at one interesting point,
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I can write the name of the function,
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at another interesting point, the arguments
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if the function will need them, the doc string,
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and finally the body.
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When I get to the body, I use stenotypy
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to write the words of the functions I'm looking for.
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Then I call a completion framework
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to choose from a list of candidates.
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This completion framework doesn't care
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what order the words are in or how many words I use.
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This completion framework is called Corfu,
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which stands for COmpletion in Region FUnction.
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And I'm using a package called Orderless
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to make it stronger.
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Here, I use another skeleton, the same one as before.
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This time, it has an argument.
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Then, when I get to the body, I write another skeleton,
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one that has an interesting point between the quotes
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and creates a new line
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right underneath it.
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I typed i and then emacs,
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and I got the interactive skeleton.
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Now, I use another skeleton,
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but these ones differ
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because it prompts me for a string,
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and I can make the skeleton as long as I want.
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If I keep entering text in the prompt,
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then Emacs will keep making the skeleton bigger.
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When I enter an empty string, it knows to stop asking,
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and it sends me to the point
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I've designated to go to when a skeleton is created.
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That's what the underscore means.
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I type c and then Emacs, and I get the condition skeleton.
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And then I use Corfu and Orderless to program.
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On two functions, I use a dabbrev.
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A dabbrev is a dynamic abbreviation.
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Here's how it works.
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If I have three strings
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that begin with S-T, string, strawberry, and stop,
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I can write S-T and then call dabbrev expand.
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First, this will give me stop
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because I'm nearest to the word stop.
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Then when I call it again, I'll get strawberry.
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And if I call it a third time, I'll get string.
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If I start off with S-T-R, then I'll get strawberry first
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and then string.
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I used dabbrev twice in this function.
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If you read the top of the screen,
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you can see which commands I use and how I invoke them.
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Finally, I use one last skeleton
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to map the function I just wrote to a hotkey.
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In this case, C-o.
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Here we can see what the function I just wrote does.
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It opens a line with the line below indented
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if it isn't blank.
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I've kept the old behavior with an argument of zero
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and done something for when I use a negative argument.
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You can see the interesting points.
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I could jump to any of them or cycle through them.
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I normally use a 9-to-16 setup.
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To me, Emacs, and computing in general,
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is much more pleasant to use that way.
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When I stenotype a word,
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a space is sent immediately afterwards.
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Orderless treats spaces as delimiters.
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This is very helpful
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because I can enter commands with stenotypy,
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without having to worry about
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whether words are in the right order.
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Lem, spelled L-E-M, is another Emacs.
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It's extremely powerful.
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But Lem doesn't have skeletons, not yet at least.
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So I'm going to program the traditional way.
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Nothing fancy, just left-to-right programming.
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With Plover, you have dictionaries.
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I added Fibonacci to my dictionary.
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I made my own dictionary from scratch.
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But if you don't want to do that,
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there are free dictionaries available
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that have many words already in them,
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saving you lots of time.
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The reason I made my dictionary from scratch
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is because I wanted to know my system inside and out.
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On one stroke, I typed T.
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And, on the next stroke, I stenotyped coalton.
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And then I got (coalton-toplevel and a new line.
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It's similar to what I did in GNU Emacs
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when I expanded a skeleton.
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This is actually not stenotypy,
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but a different kind of steno, known as serial steno.
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Plover is capable of this as well.
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Here are some things that Plover can do.
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Plover can glue words,
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like if you need to make a compound word.
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It can break a compound word.
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You can press keys to turn off Plover
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or to turn it back on.
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You can case words the way you want,
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uppercase, lowercase, capitalize.
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You can change your stenotype layout,
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like, say, if you want to use Grandjean for French,
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Melani for Castilian, and Ireland for English.
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All of that's possible.
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Here I should note that I'm using a Plover plugin
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called Full Keyboard Steno.
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It makes my entire keyboard into a stenotype.
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Lem also has a completion feature built in.
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But I didn't need it for the code that I wrote.
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It's quite good.
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In summary, if you add in the symbols
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that you're going to need when you're programming,
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you'll be fine.
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Even without skeletons,
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Plover is nice to use for programming.
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The search tool is the primary way of navigating in Emacs.
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Every Emacser can be measured
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by their skill with the search tool.
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C-s begins a forward search.
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The s stands for search.
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I'm reading Aesop's Fables,
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and I want to look for the word fox.
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So I press C-s and type fox.
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If I want to go back to the beginning of the word fox,
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I press C-r, which stands for reverse search.
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With Stenotypy, spaces are added to the end of words,
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so sometimes that causes problems.
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We can remedy that by changing the way
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Emacs interprets our whitespace.
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When I press C-M-s [alt control s],
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whitespace is interpreted as a wildcard.
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It's a function I made myself.
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fox mask will take me to the fox and the mask.
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The whitespace is a wildcard.
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For me, Ctrl-s makes the whitespace literal.
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I like having both options available to me:
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literal whitespace and wildcard whitespace.
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Say I want to find the cat and the fox,
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one of my favorite fables.
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I write cat fox, but I don't get what I want.
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I've written a function that reverses
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the order of my search query.
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Now I get what I want.
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Searching like this is very convenient.
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In Lem, we can do something similar.
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I want to read The Fox and the Lion.
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I search for Lion Fox. Notice those words are capitalized.
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Now I'm going to transform the last two words
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into a regular expression
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so that the order doesn't matter.
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And now I can find the fable I'm looking for.
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I did this with a plugin called Retro Stringop,
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op meaning operation.
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I can perform any operation on the last n words.
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Let's look at that.
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The 2 means that I want to do something
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to the last two words.
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The operation I'm performing is Python code.
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To be honest, I don't know any Python,
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but string manipulation is easy to understand.
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If you do know Python, then you can make your own plugins
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and even help with the development of Plover.
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A feature I like in Lem is that
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when you gracefully exit search with Enter or C-m,
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what you searched for is highlighted.
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You can cycle through the results, the highlights,
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and you can toggle the highlights on or off.
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1978, John Kulp designs a keyboard
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known as the Space Cadet Keyboard.
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This keyboard has many distinctive qualities,
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one being the modifiers, numbering seven in total:
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Shift, Control, Meta, Super, Hyper, Greek, and Top.
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This keyboard influences the development of Emacs.
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2000, designer Kiyoshi Kimura and programmer Yoji Hagia
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release SandS, a program that lets you turn your spacebar
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into a dual-function key,
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sending space on tap
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and acting as the Shift modifier on hold.
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This idea, the dual-function key,
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later revolutionizes typing.
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These two concepts, the space cadet modifiers
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and the dual-function key, can be combined.
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I use a program called Kanata
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to put all the modifiers on my homerow.
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When I tap the letter a, I get an a.
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If I hold it down for longer than 200 milliseconds,
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it acts as the Meta modifier,
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and really I can add
00:18:48.060 --> 00:18:52.399
as many layers to my keyboard as I want.
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I don't use a little stenotype.
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Thanks to Full Keyboard Steno, the Plover plugin,
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I use my whole keyboard.
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I have an alternative keyboard layout on it,
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so, even when I'm typing in the traditional way,
00:19:08.700 --> 00:19:10.379
it feels amazing.
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My layout is called Kuron, and I lay it over Melani
00:19:15.700 --> 00:19:19.619
so that I have both available to me at all times.
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I don't get them confused because I set them off
00:19:24.400 --> 00:19:26.939
with the way I press keys.
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If I press one key at a time,
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I'm using Kuron, my keyboard layout.
00:19:32.420 --> 00:19:35.399
If I press multiple keys at the same time
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and let them go quickly,
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then I'm using stenotypy, in my case Melani.
00:19:41.420 --> 00:19:45.240
And if I hold one key longer than 200 milliseconds,
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then I'm activating it as a modifier key or a layer key.
00:19:51.340 --> 00:19:56.799
I always know what state I'm in by the way I press my keys.
00:19:56.800 --> 00:19:59.619
It's impossible for me to get confused.
00:20:03.800 --> 00:20:07.859
Holding multiple modifiers is not a problem
00:20:07.860 --> 00:20:13.439
because the keycaps used for stenotypy are flat and square.
00:20:13.440 --> 00:20:15.979
Pressing two or more keys at once
00:20:15.980 --> 00:20:18.899
with the same finger is easy.
00:20:18.900 --> 00:20:21.899
Notice how close they are to each other.
00:20:21.900 --> 00:20:25.659
In stenotypy, the homerow is the border
00:20:25.660 --> 00:20:28.139
between the two rows of keys.
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It took me a while to get used to it,
00:20:31.260 --> 00:20:35.259
but now that I am used to it, I quite like it.
00:20:35.640 --> 00:20:38.219
So if I have to press a hotkey
00:20:38.220 --> 00:20:43.979
with all six modifiers, Shift, Control, Meta,
00:20:43.980 --> 00:20:50.899
Alt, Hyper, Super, it's easy.
00:20:50.900 --> 00:20:54.659
Thanks to Kanata, I have a Greek layer on my board.
00:20:54.660 --> 00:20:58.799
Additionally, I have alpha, beta, and gamma layers
00:20:58.800 --> 00:21:03.319
that send sequences of keys that I can use as hotkeys
00:21:03.320 --> 00:21:06.539
in both GNU Emacs and Lem.
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Maybe you noticed a few while I was programming.
00:21:10.420 --> 00:21:12.959
Now it's possible to bring the Space Cadet
00:21:12.960 --> 00:21:17.219
to any keyboard and to build on its wonderful ideas.
00:21:20.920 --> 00:21:24.459
Here I'll note that another Emacser, Excalamus,
00:21:24.460 --> 00:21:27.539
has made a page called Plover with Emacs,
00:21:27.540 --> 00:21:30.639
with information on how to use Emacs
00:21:30.640 --> 00:21:32.539
with the standard stenotype,
00:21:32.540 --> 00:21:34.519
the one that has two rows,
00:21:34.520 --> 00:21:37.439
the one I call a little stenotype.
00:21:37.440 --> 00:21:39.599
While I use my full keyboard,
00:21:39.600 --> 00:21:43.199
I understand how a small board can be useful.
00:21:43.200 --> 00:21:46.159
Finger movement is greatly reduced,
00:21:46.160 --> 00:21:49.439
leading to a very ergonomic typing experience.
00:21:49.440 --> 00:21:53.239
In fact, all of the speed records
00:21:53.240 --> 00:21:57.239
are set with this stenotype, the standard stenotype.
00:21:58.840 --> 00:22:01.479
There are many great ideas on this page.
00:22:01.480 --> 00:22:04.319
Thank you, Excalamus.
00:22:06.800 --> 00:22:09.159
Special thanks to Richard Stallman,
00:22:09.160 --> 00:22:13.119
the creator of GNU Emacs and the Free Software Foundation,
00:22:13.420 --> 00:22:16.919
Sasaki Ryosuke, first name Ryosuke,
00:22:16.920 --> 00:22:19.599
the creator and lead developer of Lem,
00:22:20.120 --> 00:22:24.279
Mirabai Knight, the creator of the Open Steno Project,
00:22:24.280 --> 00:22:26.839
which oversees the development of Plover,
00:22:26.840 --> 00:22:31.159
and jtroo, the creator and lead developer of Kanata.
00:22:32.700 --> 00:22:36.999
The views expressed in this talk are solely my own.
00:22:37.000 --> 00:22:41.159
I have no connection to any of the parties mentioned herein
00:22:41.160 --> 00:22:43.479
and therefore cannot be seen
00:22:43.480 --> 00:22:45.359
as representing them in any capacity.
00:22:45.360 --> 00:22:49.199
What I've said cannot be taken as medical advice.
00:22:50.860 --> 00:22:54.759
I used the TranSide theme for GNU Emacs in this talk.
00:22:54.760 --> 00:22:57.199
It's beautiful and functional.
00:22:57.900 --> 00:23:01.639
I love how the code looks, and I can read the comments.
00:23:03.560 --> 00:23:05.759
In Lem, I used Gruber.
00:23:05.760 --> 00:23:10.399
Again, the comments are readable, and the code looks nice.
00:23:11.200 --> 00:23:13.839
When I first started using Emacs,
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I used the Wheatgrass theme.
00:23:19.980 --> 00:23:23.879
Another theme that I love is os1.
00:23:24.520 --> 00:23:28.239
It's a light, warm, modern theme for Emacs
00:23:28.240 --> 00:23:30.439
inspired by film palettes.
00:23:35.040 --> 00:23:38.499
Regarding typography, for programming,
00:23:38.500 --> 00:23:42.879
I used JuliaMono, which was designed by Cormullion.
00:23:43.520 --> 00:23:46.919
It's extensive, and it's beautiful.
00:23:48.000 --> 00:23:51.039
For graphics, I used PromptFont,
00:23:51.380 --> 00:23:53.959
which was made by Yukari Hafner.
00:23:54.840 --> 00:23:56.479
She's very talented.
00:23:56.480 --> 00:23:59.639
I really like her work, including this font.
00:24:01.180 --> 00:24:04.679
There are so many packages that I love in Emacs.
00:24:05.520 --> 00:24:07.639
If I talked about all of them,
00:24:07.640 --> 00:24:09.799
my talk would last for days,
00:24:09.800 --> 00:24:11.959
so I'm only going to mention three.
00:24:12.580 --> 00:24:14.079
Keycast.
00:24:14.400 --> 00:24:15.519
At the top of the screen,
00:24:15.520 --> 00:24:18.039
you can see the commands I'm executing
00:24:18.040 --> 00:24:20.559
and how I'm invoking those commands.
00:24:20.560 --> 00:24:21.919
That's Keycast.
00:24:21.920 --> 00:24:24.879
Rainbow Delimiters is another one I like.
00:24:25.540 --> 00:24:27.519
It lets me know visually
00:24:27.520 --> 00:24:29.919
when my parentheses are out of balance.
00:24:30.480 --> 00:24:33.199
Very helpful when I'm programming in Lisp.
00:24:35.900 --> 00:24:37.879
Moodline is another.
00:24:37.880 --> 00:24:42.899
The modeline is where I can see relevant information
00:24:42.900 --> 00:24:44.879
about the file I'm working on.
00:24:46.840 --> 00:24:50.759
Moodline only gives me the information I want.
00:24:50.760 --> 00:24:55.460
I'm not really worried about too many things, just
00:24:55.461 --> 00:25:07.160
the file name, the mode I'm in, and where I am in the file.
