WEBVTT captioned by sachac, checked by sachac
NOTE Introduction
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Hello, my name is Fermin.
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Today, I'm going to talk about the Emacsen family,
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the design of an Emacs, and the importance of Lisp.
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So we're going to talk about Lisp.
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I want to start from the end.
NOTE Why Lisp matters
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The first question I want to ask is
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why I think Lisp matters.
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When I'm talking about Lisp here,
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I'm talking about the idea of Lisp,
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so the family of languages that are Lisp.
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But given that there's no formal specification of Lisp,
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so the opinion might vary. I will expect that Lisp,
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most of the Lisp have these kind of features.
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The first one is homoiconic:
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the code is data, basically.
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They also have a REPL: read-eval-print loop.
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That is very powerful and can help in development.
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Also, I think a good Lisp
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should have a powerful macro system.
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I'm good with compile-time macros,
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but read-time is also interesting.
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There's a lot of Lisp that you can choose.
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There's the main three ones, of course,
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with Scheme, Common Lisp, and Clojure.
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Scheme by Guile, Common Lisp by Common Lisp,
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and Clojure by Clojure or ClojureScript.
NOTE Why Emacs Lisp was chosen
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So let's talk about Emacs Lisp.
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I didn't mention Emacs Lisp.
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I'm going to talk about why Emacs Lisp
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was chosen for an Emacs editor.
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We're going to explore this kind of design of the Emacs.
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And Emacs Lisp is the main language of it. Why?
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Given that there were a few alternatives at the time,
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why Emacs Lisp was chosen?
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So RMS, Richard Stallman, needed a Lisp,
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and there wasn't one available at the time.
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Keep in mind, this was the early 80s.
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Stallman was writing at that point the GCC, I think,
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and he was writing the core components
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of what is going to become GNU.
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He needed an editor. He wanted Lisp. He wanted Emacs.
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So he wrote Emacs Lisp. So at that time,
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the functionality was more important than "perfection."
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What I mean [by] "perfection" is: we programmers
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sometimes like to make everything good
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or very, very good when sometimes, indeed,
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it's more important that it works
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to do the task that it should.
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And it's not a bad language.
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It's not that bad. At that time, it was mostly nice.
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Today, it's good enough, I think.
NOTE Other "Emacsen"
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He wasn't the first one, the GNU Emacs,
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nor the only one, of course.
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There were others: Hemlock, Zmacs, and Climacs...
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Two of them, I think, were written in Common Lisp,
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and Zmacs was written in a Lisp from a Lisp machine,
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so it was an implementation of Emacs.
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Not GNU Emacs, but the original idea
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of Emacs for a Lisp machine.
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So Hemlock was written in Common Lisp,
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but it's no longer used and no longer developed,
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as far as I know. And Climacs, it was developed,
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but it was abandoned, I think.
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So three of them failed for different reasons.
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Zmacs was because of the Lisp machine market crash,
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and yeah, it also failed.
NOTE Why not Common Lisp?
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So Emacs got alone. And in the 90s, interesting to explore,
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some people suggest that why
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now that we have a standard Lisp, right,
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because Common Lisp was standardized in '94,
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why don't we change Emacs Lisp to Common Lisp?
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These are the other reasons I think are important,
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because that's why Stallman didn't choose Common Lisp.
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But I think the main one
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that I didn't write here
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is that Stallman wasn't a big fan of Common Lisp,
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and he was at the time the main developer
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and maintainer, of course, for Emacs.
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So he chose not to move to Common Lisp.
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But other reasons may be why...
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Because he had a late and painful standardization.
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Keep in mind, the first book that Guy Steele wrote
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was in 1984. The standardization finished in 19--
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sorry, in 1984 was the first book
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and the standardization finished in 1994.
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So, like, 10 years of difference from one to the other.
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10 years of a lot of talk, a lot of money,
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and a lot of pain probably.
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The Lisp usage declined in the 90s
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due to the AI winter.
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We all know about the Lisp machine market crash.
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And the failure of commercial Lisp machine was
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inevitable at that point.
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So all the potential Emacs friends died.
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And also a lot of Emacs Lisp was already available.
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Emacs was already an amateur utility.
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Unix won the war of the operating system, as we know,
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and Emacs Lisp was available in Unix,
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or in GNU/Linux, as we know,
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which is the most successful implementation of Unix.
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Sorry, BSD. Okay.
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So Emacs won by being the "better" alternative.
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I'm quoting "better" here because
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I think Emacs does have a better design
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and, well, it was the one that survived, right?
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Which is the more important thing for a software or,
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you know... So Emacs won by being free,
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also in price, which I think the Lisp machine wasn't.
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So that was also very good. It was included.
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It had, and it still has, of course,
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a nice collection of packages
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that improve the standard functionality.
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It was easy to extend because of the nature of Lisp.
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And it has a very good integration with GNU/Linux,
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of course. It was created to write it.
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It makes sense that it's very good
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for a system administration perspective.
NOTE Common Lisp is still not dead or is always dead
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But I think Common Lisp is not dead yet.
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Or some people say that it's always dead,
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so you cannot kill the something that is always dead.
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So I don't always code in C,
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but when I do, it's Lisp. I'm not a big fan of C
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for a lot of things, but yeah.
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Why I think Common Lisp is still relevant
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and can be used for all kind of application,
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both commercially and non-commercially.
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The first one is the main implementation
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of Common Lisp, which is called SBCL, which is awesome.
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It's fast. It's a very good extension.
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Basically, it's the reference one today.
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The namespaces of common Lisp,
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I really like the implementation.
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Some people don't like it. It's a matter of taste.
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But I think it's really good.
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I have a timeless standard. So it was standardized
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in the 90s, as I said.
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And it doesn't really need a new standard.
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Some people say it does need, but I don't think so.
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Also it does have macro readers,
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which I think is a very nice feature of Common Lisp
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that other Lisp doesn't seem to have,
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or a lot of them don't: in my mind, Emacs Lisp and Clojure.
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Also, it's image-based development,
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which is also quite unique to Common Lisp.
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I don't know all the Lisp that does have this.
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Basically, you develop a REPL
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and then you dump the entire REPL into an image.
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Java would be like a core dump.
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And you create an executable.
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Which at the time, I guess in the 90s,
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was a huge one, right?
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Because you have the entire language, and the REPL,
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and the code. But today are like 20 MB,
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which in today's standard is nothing.
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There's pictures in your phone larger than 20 MB.
NOTE Lem is a nice Emacsen implementation
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So there's a new Emacs in town--well, Emacs, not Emacs,
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Which is Lem. I think it's a very good Emacs implementation.
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What I mean by "Emacs" here is not a clone of GNU Emacs,
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but an Emacs-inspired editor with similar characteristics,
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and written in a Lisp,
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which is why I said that Lisp was very important.
NOTE Why not just use GNU Emacs?
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So first, I'm going to address the elephant in the room,
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and the question that maybe most
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of you are now thinking.
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Why not just use GNU Emacs? It's the project.
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It's the main one, right? Why choose another one?
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So Lem is relatively new, 2018.
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And it can explore different ideas.
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It was developed by Sasaki-san.
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Basically, it was mostly a one-month project,
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but we are getting there. I'm not the maintainer.
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I'm a developer of Lem. So given that it's
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relatively new, it can explore different ideas.
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You're not bound to a community or backwards compatibility.
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You can explore different ideas,
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and I think that's always nice.
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Having multiple options creates competition,
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which benefits the community. So Emacs and Vim,
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the competition between the two
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always create nice packages like evil or, you know...
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It's really good to have some kind of a competition,
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healthy competition.
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And it doesn't share any code base with GNU Emacs.
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I want to clarify this because some people think that
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Lem is kind of a, you know, Spacemacs or Doom.
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No, it doesn't share any code.
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It has zero Emacs. So that's it.
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Getting this out of the way.
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Why I think Lem is interesting.
NOTE Why Lem
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I'm going to show why Lem.
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Why? You can try Lem, and maybe you like it.
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First thing, these are the features
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that I really like from it.
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Can be different from person to person,
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but I think these are the main ideas
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it brings to the table and are really interesting.
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I want to say that Lem is not a research project.
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It's not like some people did that
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and it's still in development. No, no.
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This is a usable product that can be used
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to [do] day-to-day programming
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in a very good experience.
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This is not like--I want to clarify this
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because some people bring some exploratory projects.
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This is not that one. This is finished.
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Well, finished in the way that you can use it.
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It's not, you know, have everything in place.
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So let's continue.
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It's written 100% in Common Lisp.
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I say this because Emacs is not
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100% in Emacs Lisp.
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You have to modify the C code,
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I think, well, if you... You don't have to,
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but if you want to change the internals, you do.
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I think that given that Lem does not care
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about the implementation of the language itself--
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so for example, Lem doesn't have to deal with
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how Common Lisp works, it just used the language, right?
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It's on top of the language.
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You can say that. Emacs Lisp is Emacs and Emacs Lisp,
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so you have to, you have both in the same place,
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which is, well, it's a double-edged sword, right?
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Then you have the both--similar to Emacs--
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you have ncurses and SDL2 frontends.
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One is terminal-based and the other is graphical
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using the SDL2 library,
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which you can do a lot of crazy things.
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Of course, it's meant to program games and stuff,
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but Lem uses, and it works fairly well.
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You can program games if you want.
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Not that you need to or anything, but we have Tetris.
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So there's that.
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Also, separate front-end interface.
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So like I said, you have two, but you can create more.
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In the past, had an electron one,
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but it got abandoned for obvious reasons, I think. Sorry.
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This idea is taken from Neovim that had a lot of frontends.
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In fact, we don't have that many,
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but not that many people we have two.
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That works fairly well.
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We have superb development experience thanks to SLIME.
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So we have Micro,
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which is a SLIME version for Lem, basically.
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SLIME is awesome and Micro is also awesome.
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We have a very strong development experience
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that we don't have for a Lisp,
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which I think is very important.
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If you want someone to develop packages or to use your tool,
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your Emacs at least,
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you need to have a very good development experience,
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which enhance the extensions for the editor.
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So we have also Vim-like integration.
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This for me was mostly mandatory
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because I'm an evil-mode user, and I think it's really good.
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Because evil-mode is very good and the VMode,
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which it's called, even though it's more like Vim mode,
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it's called VMode. It's written by
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Fukamachi-san and it's really good.
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So yeah, that's the thing that I think Lem brings to
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the table and that's really interesting.
NOTE Similarities and differences
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So I'm going to do a small demo of Lem, a Emacs example.
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First, the similarities,
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the nomenclature is very similar: modes, buffers,
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commands... The commands are very similar in nature.
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It was written with GNU Emacs in mind
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to mimic a lot of things.
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I think GNU Emacs is the best Emacs implementation
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in that way. So why not just take what is working, right?
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I have similar command,
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but flexible to add other default ones.
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It's not like Emacs that you have Emacs commands.
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Lem has Emacs command by default,
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but you can easily change that
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with other default ones, right?
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It's like, you can think of it like a major mode, right?
00:14:52.160 --> 00:14:54.439
Well, more like a global mode,
00:14:54.440 --> 00:14:57.960
sorry. That's a global mode of Emacs commands,
00:14:57.961 --> 00:14:59.360
or something like that.
00:14:59.361 --> 00:15:01.519
In general, the feeling is really close.
00:15:01.520 --> 00:15:05.919
So you will tell that it's really close to how both work,
00:15:05.920 --> 00:15:07.839
similar commands, and that shows.
00:15:07.840 --> 00:15:12.359
Differences, Common Lisp is not Emacs Lisp,
00:15:12.360 --> 00:15:13.919
it's similar in the surface.
00:15:13.920 --> 00:15:16.279
So it uses `defun`, you know, have parentheses
00:15:16.280 --> 00:15:18.719
and yada, yada, but it's not the same language, really,
00:15:18.720 --> 00:15:20.839
and sometimes you will find
00:15:20.840 --> 00:15:22.639
that the differences are substantial.
00:15:23.260 --> 00:15:24.859
The internals are completely different,
00:15:24.860 --> 00:15:27.479
of course, nothing, well, completely.
00:15:27.480 --> 00:15:29.719
They have a buffer implementation and other things,
00:15:29.720 --> 00:15:32.359
but in general, yeah, aside from that,
00:15:32.360 --> 00:15:34.079
it's completely different.
00:15:34.080 --> 00:15:36.199
And it's true that GNU Emacs
00:15:36.200 --> 00:15:37.479
has a better documentation tutorial.
00:15:37.480 --> 00:15:39.719
So GNU Emacs for me, I think it's
00:15:39.720 --> 00:15:41.759
one of the best-documented software ever.
00:15:41.760 --> 00:15:49.599
We're trying to go there, but we're still not there.
NOTE Demo
00:15:49.600 --> 00:15:54.079
Let's do the demo. So to open Lem, you compile it,
00:15:54.080 --> 00:15:55.759
and then you have it available,
00:15:55.760 --> 00:15:57.719
and you open Lem. As you can see,
00:15:57.720 --> 00:16:00.839
we have the temporary buffer. On the top left is the mode--
00:16:00.840 --> 00:16:03.279
not mode,
00:16:03.280 --> 00:16:07.239
the beam, insert, normal, visual. This is the V mode, right?
00:16:07.240 --> 00:16:10.279
In the top right corner, we have fundamental,
00:16:10.280 --> 00:16:11.599
which is the major mode, then paredit,
00:16:11.600 --> 00:16:15.079
which is like the minor mode, but you know,
00:16:15.080 --> 00:16:16.079
this is like the paredit for Emacs.
00:16:16.080 --> 00:16:19.199
In the top left buffer,
00:16:19.200 --> 00:16:22.479
you have the current buffer.
00:16:22.480 --> 00:16:26.479
So let's open the... Emacs, we all know how to do this.
00:16:26.480 --> 00:16:29.319
This is a command, like explore this command,
00:16:29.320 --> 00:16:31.479
like `open-init-file`. This opens the init file,
00:16:31.480 --> 00:16:34.319
which is in this directory, in `~/.lem/init.lisp`.
00:16:34.320 --> 00:16:38.239
As you can see, this is very similar, right?
00:16:38.240 --> 00:16:40.279
You define a command, which is not interactive,
00:16:40.280 --> 00:16:42.959
and then you get the buffer, right?
00:16:42.960 --> 00:16:44.919
This is a... So my personal command...
00:16:44.920 --> 00:16:48.879
Let's go to the one that I just opened. Init file, right?
00:16:48.880 --> 00:16:52.159
So this is a command that I did,
00:16:52.160 --> 00:16:53.439
which is `find-file`.
00:16:53.440 --> 00:16:56.599
This is very similar to [??], but just `find-file`.
00:16:56.600 --> 00:16:58.399
As you can see, very similar.
00:16:58.400 --> 00:17:01.759
This is the way that you program in Lem.
00:17:01.760 --> 00:17:04.839
This is the major mode, which is Lisp,
00:17:04.840 --> 00:17:06.959
that we're seeing at the top, right?
00:17:06.960 --> 00:17:10.479
And we can connect if we `slime-self-connect`.
00:17:10.480 --> 00:17:14.119
This is the prompt. This is the REPL.
00:17:14.120 --> 00:17:17.959
So if we... Keep in mind that this is Common Lisp,
00:17:17.960 --> 00:17:20.439
so this has different things.
00:17:20.440 --> 00:17:22.719
So we have to go to the Lem package,
00:17:22.720 --> 00:17:26.199
which is very important. This has namespaces, right?
00:17:26.200 --> 00:17:29.039
It's not the same. And we can say, okay,
00:17:29.040 --> 00:17:32.319
`current-buffer`. We get the buffer.
00:17:32.320 --> 00:17:35.199
We can explore everything that is in it, right?
00:17:35.200 --> 00:17:38.559
We have all this stuff. This is... If you're familiar
00:17:38.560 --> 00:17:41.159
with SLIME or Sly, this is it.
00:17:41.160 --> 00:17:46.279
It's just that we can say, buffer, I think it's `buffer-name`.
00:17:46.280 --> 00:17:49.159
Yes. And we can take this,
00:17:49.160 --> 00:17:50.799
and then we'll give you the name.
00:17:50.800 --> 00:17:54.359
So as you can see, the development experience
00:17:54.360 --> 00:17:57.639
is really powerful. We can also `lisp-scratch`,
00:17:57.640 --> 00:18:00.679
which transform... basically apply
00:18:00.680 --> 00:18:02.639
the major mode of Lisp to the temporary buffer.
00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:06.719
This is very similar to Emacs.
00:18:06.720 --> 00:18:11.999
Let's go back to the theme. I think that's it.
00:18:12.000 --> 00:18:13.879
Thank you all very much for listening to me.
00:18:13.880 --> 00:18:15.239
I think I point out
00:18:15.240 --> 00:18:16.999
the Emacsen family is really interesting.
00:18:17.000 --> 00:18:19.279
Lisp is really good, and GNU Emacs is really good,
00:18:19.280 --> 00:18:21.199
and I think Lem is also pretty awesome.
00:18:21.200 --> 00:18:23.119
So thank you all very much.
00:18:23.120 --> 00:18:27.560
I'll be answering the question now. And happy hacking.
