WEBVTT captioned by bhavin192
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Hey everyone, I'm Michael,
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and I'm going to be talking about
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Org mode and the IndieWeb.
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I am located in the San Francisco Bay Area,
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where I'm a developer as well as
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a longtime Emacs user.
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So, I maintain a personal website using Org mode.
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If you're watching this talk,
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I'm going to guess that you probably are too.
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For anybody who isn't,
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let me explain exactly what I mean by that.
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I have a static website. I author the pages
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in Org mode's markup language,
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otherwise known as Orgdown.
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I use the Org export facility
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to transcode that markup to HTML.
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And then I just use rsync to push
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the resulting HTML pages up to a VPS.
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I like the workflow.
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It's familiar to me as a coder.
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I get to use familiar tools like Git and Make.
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Publishing and then pushing the site
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to a local test server is just `make`.
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Pushing it to the live site is just `make prod`.
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That said, certain problems made themselves apparent
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with this arrangement pretty quickly.
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Commenting was one. It's very difficult
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to support commenting on a static website.
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I've got no database.
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I have no real server, and so on.
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Yes, of course, there is Disqus
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and other third party services
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that will do this for you,
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but I was uncomfortable outsourcing that job.
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And it was more than just comments.
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There was a general sense of isolation.
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There's no connection to places
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like Reddit, or Mastodon, or Twitter,
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you know, where all the people are.
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I guess you can post, then Tweet a link to it.
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But suppose somebody responds to your Tweet.
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Now you've got a conversation going on on Twitter
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that you're a visitor, and
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that a non-Twitter-using visitor to your site
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would be completely disconnected from.
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I am seeing people using Reddit effectively
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as the comment section for their sites.
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But unless you've got an audience, you know,
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the size of Derek's or Amos's,
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I don't think that's really feasible either.
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Now, after casting about for some time,
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I stumbled upon something called the IndieWeb.
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In their own words, the IndieWeb is
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a community of independent and personal websites
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connected by simple standards based on
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the principles of owning your domain
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and using it as your primary identity,
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publishing on your own site,
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and optionally syndicating elsewhere,
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and owning your data.
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I would describe it as a collection of individuals
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who've chosen to own their own platforms,
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alongside a loosely specked set of standards
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that tie those sites together.
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And it's really those standards
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that make the IndieWeb
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more than just a call for everybody
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to go back to the arts
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and blog on on their own sites.
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Now, this presentation isn't going to
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focus on the IndieWeb as such.
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It's more about using Org mode
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to put your site on the IndieWeb.
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I'm a little limited by time here,
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so I'm going to focus on
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just one of those protocols,
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and that's Webmentions.
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So, what's a Webmention?
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Let's begin with the inveterate Alice,
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who has a website
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and has posted content to that site.
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Her old friend Bob comes along,
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notices that content
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and wishes to say something about it.
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He posts to his site
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and his publication software will,
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if it supports Webmentions,
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will notice that he's mentioned Alice's post.
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At that point, his publication software
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reaches out to Alice's site,
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asks for the mentioned document,
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and will examine it to see
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if Alice advertises an endpoint at her site
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capable of receiving Webmentions.
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In this case, it does.
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So, Bob's publishing software does it.
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At the end of the day,
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a Webmention is really just
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an HTTP post request with two parameters,
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a source and a target.
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On receipt, Alice's server will
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reach out to Bob's site,
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request the document that contains the mention,
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and validate it, decide whether or not
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she wants to accept the Webmention.
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In this case, it's legit, it's accepted,
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and Alice chooses to make a note,
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to update her content,
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to make a note of the fact
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that it was mentioned by Bob.
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Now a couple of things to note here.
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The first is that this is effectively
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decentralized commenting.
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Both parties own their content,
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and there's no third party involved,
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trusted or otherwise.
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Now at this point, you might object that, well,
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as the owner of a statically generated site,
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I have essentially none of the infrastructure
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I need to implement this.
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I have no server above and beyond Apache.
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I can't really…, I have no database.
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I guess you could send Webmentions with curl,
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but now to do Webmention endpoint discovery,
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you're going to be parsing arbitrary HTML.
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It's a lot of work.
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That's okay. There are sites out there
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that offer Webmentions as a service.
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So, let's take a look at how that goes.
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We return to our original example.
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Alice continues to advertise an endpoint
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capable of receiving Webmentions,
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but it's no longer on her site.
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It's at webmention.io.
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Bob is essentially in the same position,
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but he now has in his world
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a third party site called Telegraph.
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When Bob wants to publish,
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he no longer needs to go through all the work
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of sending Webmention,
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and of carrying out Webmention endpoint discovery.
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He sends one API request to Telegraph,
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effectively saying, please send a Webmention for me.
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Asynchronously, telegraph.io is going to
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retrieve Alice's post,
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do Webmention endpoint discovery,
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and send the Webmention on Bob's behalf.
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Except this time he's sending it to webmention.io.
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Now, at some arbitrary point in the future,
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Alice can ask webmention.io,
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"Hey, do I have any new Webmentions?"
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And if she does, she may choose
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to update her content and publish.
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Okay, so let's code this up.
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Now, I'm recording this talk
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about a month ahead of time
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and I haven't been able to put together
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a little demo project.
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Hopefully, I can hack something together
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before this video streams.
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But in the meantime,
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I'd like to imagine a little test site.
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It has a single page,
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maybe we'll call it index.org,
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and we're going to publish it.
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We're going to export it to
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a subdirectory of our project directory,
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simply called www.
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So, the entry point to the Org export system
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is the function org-publish,
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whose docstring helpfully says,
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it publishes all projects.
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The set of all projects is defined by
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the variable `org-publish-project-alist`,
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which is a very flexible association list
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that lets you define
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what files are in your project,
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how you wish to export them,
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where they're going to go, etc, etc, etc.
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So great. This is actually pretty straightforward.
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We just give ourselves a little Elisp file
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and a single function.
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I'll call it publish,
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and all it will do is define
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`org-publish-project-alist`
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and invoke `org-publish-all`.
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At that point, exporting is a one-liner.
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We just invoke Emacs, load up our site.el file,
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and invoke the publish function.
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And if we want to publish to the live server,
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that's just another one-liner of ours.
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So, that's the publication framework.
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Now, let's take a look at sending Webmentions.
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The idea is that we're going to
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get our fingers into the publication process.
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Note when we see a Webmention in
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the process of exporting our Orgdown,
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and write it out to disk for sending later on.
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Now, I didn't want to send a Webmention
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for every single link in the post.
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I wanted this to be an intentional choice.
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And it turns out there are
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different sorts of Webmentions
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you can make on a page.
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For instance, if you add
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the CSS class u-in-reply-to to your link,
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the recipient will
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interpret this Webmention as a reply.
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There are similar CSS classes
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for likes, reposts, and generalized mentions.
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When the recipient gets your Webmention,
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if they want to know who's talking to them,
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they need to parse your page
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and look for DOM elements with certain CSS classes
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defined by the protocol as well.
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I'm a visual thinker,
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so I kind of drew out the process of publication,
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and exactly where we're going to
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get our fingers into this.
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So, this is me invoking make,
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which of course fires up Emacs.
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Just as before, my publish function will define
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`org-publish-project-alist` with one difference.
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There is an attribute,
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a property in the list called `publishing-function`.
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We're going to need to customize that.
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As usual, we then call…,
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we kick off the process by calling `org-publish-all`.
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org-publish-all will invoke
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your publishing function
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for each page, and it will hand to
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your publishing function for each page.
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The name of the file you're publishing,
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where it's going, and a parameter entitled plist.
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This is not super well documented.
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There are points in the docs
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that refer to this as a communication channel.
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What I discovered by simply reading the code was that
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it's a property list that is initialized
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for each invocation of your publication function.
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The initial properties are
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inherited from your project,
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but you are free to add properties as you go
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to communicate between different portions
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of the publication process.
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My publication function really does one thing,
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and that's simply swap out the HTML template
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that's passed to `org-publish-to`.
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Now, in order to take note of
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each Webmention that I send,
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I took advantage of another
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Org mode extension point
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called defining new link types.
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Here you can see
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I've created a new link type called reply.
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One of the attributes that you can attach to this
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is the function that is used to export your link.
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I've elided the code for
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mentions, likes, and reposts.
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If you look at my export function,
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you can see that it ultimately yields
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the appropriate HTML for this link.
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Before that, it calls a little helper function
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that will pull out the actual
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target URL of the link
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and shove it into this communication channel
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under the property name `sp1ff/mentions`.
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So, `org-publish-to` is really the workhorse
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of the publication process.
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The first thing it's going to do is
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transcode from the parsed Orgdown,
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which is an intermediate representation
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known as Org elements, to HTML.
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In particular, for every one of my new links
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that I'm using to mark Webmentions,
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it's going to invoke my little export function.
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And so as we work our way through the post,
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I'm going to accumulate all the Webmentions
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that I've made in the property list.
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The second step is to actually render
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the final HTML document,
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and that's where my specialized template comes in.
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All I do there is, use it to get
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my authorship information into the page.
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And then the last step is called finalization.
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At this point, we have the rendered HTML document,
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and Org mode gives you an extension point here,
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where you can do arbitrary post-processing
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on that document.
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I arguably abuse it to retrieve
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all the Webmentions I've made
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out of the communication channel
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and write them to disk.
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At this point, when we type make,
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we wind up with the rendered HTML
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for our Orgdown document,
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along with a little text file
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in which we've recorded all the Webmentions
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that need to be sent.
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The next step is to send said Webmentions.
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This is surprisingly easy in Emacs Lisp.
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This is my actual implementation.
00:14:17.360 --> 00:14:22.360
I use the request.el package to talk to Telegraph.
00:14:22.360 --> 00:14:26.920
And at this point, we really don't need to
00:14:26.920 --> 00:14:30.640
add a lot to our little site Elisp file.
00:14:30.640 --> 00:14:34.320
I sketched out a `send-webmentions` implementation
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that just goes through in a loop
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and calls my send-webmention function.
00:14:39.000 --> 00:14:42.640
And now publication becomes a two-step process.
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First, the org-publish, then sending Webmentions.
00:14:46.520 --> 00:14:51.418
Okay, so I realize this has been
00:14:51.418 --> 00:14:52.800
a bit of a whirlwind.
00:14:52.800 --> 00:14:55.240
So, where are we now?
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We have a sample site that we can publish
00:15:00.600 --> 00:15:02.400
and have sent Webmentions.
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And we've done it with just Emacs, Org mode,
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a little Lisp, and a make file.
00:15:07.080 --> 00:15:09.080
If you'd like to see more,
00:15:09.080 --> 00:15:11.680
I've put my library up on GitHub.
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It has logic for both
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sending and receiving Webmentions
00:15:15.560 --> 00:15:16.960
as well as something
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that on the IndieWeb is called POSSE,
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which is an acronym standing for
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Publish (on your) Own Site, Syndicate Elsewhere.
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What that means is that
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you turn the publication step
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from merely publishing new content to your site
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to also replicating it to places
00:15:36.920 --> 00:15:39.160
like Twitter and Facebook and so forth.
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And also when people like, comment,
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and retweet your content,
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that gets fed back to your site,
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where you can display it as comments.
00:15:51.400 --> 00:15:52.600
In terms of the future,
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I feel like I'm at a decision point.
00:15:54.520 --> 00:15:58.000
Org mode is admirably flexible,
00:15:58.000 --> 00:16:00.320
and I'm confident that I can continue to
00:16:00.320 --> 00:16:02.560
add support for IndieWeb protocols.
00:16:02.560 --> 00:16:05.440
On the other hand, it is so flexible
00:16:05.440 --> 00:16:07.880
that the process of figuring out
00:16:07.880 --> 00:16:10.680
which extension points to use in any situation
00:16:10.680 --> 00:16:12.000
is very challenging.
00:16:12.000 --> 00:16:14.800
When I started down this path,
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my mindset was keep it simple
00:16:17.840 --> 00:16:20.400
and let's just see how far I could get with Org mode.
00:16:20.400 --> 00:16:23.160
And I feel like I might be bumping up
00:16:23.160 --> 00:16:25.800
against the limitations of that approach now.
00:16:25.800 --> 00:16:34.920
Thank you very much.
