WEBVTT
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"Far away in the heavenly abode of the
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great god Indra,
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there is a wonderful net which has been
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hung by some cunning artificer
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in such a manner that it stretches out
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infinitely in all directions.
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In accordance with the extravagant
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tastes of deities, the artificer has hung
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a single glittering jewel in each eye of
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the net,
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and since the net itself is infinite, the
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jewels are infinite in number.
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There hang the jewels, glittering like
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stars in the first magnitude,
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a wonderful sight to behold. Were we to
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select one of these jewels for
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inspection,
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we would discover that in its polished
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surface there are reflected
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all the other jewels in the net, infinite
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in number.
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If we look still more closely, we would
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see that each of the jewels reflected in
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this one jewel
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reflects all the others." This is the
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metaphor of Indra's Net,
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which is told in some schools of
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philosophy. Let's keep this metaphor in
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mind,
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because it'll help us understand the
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Emacs extension that we're about to
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discuss.
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In editing text, there's two
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main paradigms: one
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is editing at the ground level,
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where the characters that we type
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actually appear on the screen,
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the changes we make actually occur.
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The other editing paradigm is where we
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escape to a higher level
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and now the characters that we type are
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not...
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They don't actually appear on the screen
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because we're not at the ground level
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with the text, we are at a higher level
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looking down at the text
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and regarding the text, referring to
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this world of text in terms of a
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language.
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For instance, we could describe this
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world as having words and paragraphs and
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sentences and
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lines and so on. We could reason
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about this
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text in terms of these
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textual entities and this textual
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language.
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This is the second paradigm of text
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editing.
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When we're in the second paradigm,
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there is a way to go down to ground
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level. You hit Enter
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now--or we'll hit Enter to go down to the
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ground level, and you can hit Escape
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to go back out to the referential level.
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Enter to go down to ground level
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and Escape to go up to the referential
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level.
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Now, in Vim, the nouns
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in this world of text all
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share the same referential plane which
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we call
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normal mode. So in normal mode, all of the
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nouns
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of the world of text are available,
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whether it's words or sentences or
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paragraphs,
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and they all share this same
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referential plane.
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They compete for space on the
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keyboard.
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An alternative
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way to structure these modes is instead
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of having a single mode where all the
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nouns coexist,
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peacefully or otherwise, you instead
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have a dedicated mode for every noun.
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In that case, what happens is because
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your modal spaces are now much smaller,
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you're just talking about words or
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paragraphs or
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lines or something, the keys that you use
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can be much more targeted.
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You can use the same keystrokes in
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in all of your modes and they would have
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the same ideas behind them, but
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they would have different effects
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depending on which context you're using.
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It's the same keystrokes, different
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contexts.
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The advantage of that is it's often
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easier
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to change context than it is to
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learn new key bindings. So let's see
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an example of how that works. We go into
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character mode, and if you look at the
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mode line at the bottom of the screen there,
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you'll see that we're in character mode.
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Now, when we move up, down, left, and
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right, we're moving by character.
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We can also transform the text, and
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the transformations occur in terms of
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character.
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You can also go into word mode. In
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word mode,
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the transformations that you do are on
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words.
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and you try... Your movement is also in
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terms of words.
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So that's the level of granularity that
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you have.
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You could also go to line mode. When
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you're in line mode,
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you go up and down by line, and you can
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move lines
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up and down left and right and so on.
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The transformations you do are in
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terms of lines.
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You could also go to window mode, where
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now the objects that you're referring to
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are windows. You can
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move spatially amongst the windows or
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do transformations on the windows
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using the same keystrokes.
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So let's go to...
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Right. One of the things,
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the principles that play here is
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something called the Rumpelstiltskin
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principle, which is something
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that's known in computer science.
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If you can name something, then
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you have power over it. This is
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kind of an adaptation of that principle
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which says that if you can
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name something and if you can talk about
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it, then it's a noun
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in your editing language. If it's a
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noun, then it has...
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It's a mode. So if we can talk about it,
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it's a noun.
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If it's a noun, then it's a mode. One
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of the things we've been talking a lot
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about
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is modes. In fact,
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by this principle, modes also
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should be a mode.
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You should have a mode that can reason
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in terms of modes as objects, just like
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you have
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modes where you can reason in terms of
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words or lines as objects.
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So let's do that. Let's go to mode
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mode.
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When you go to mode mode, you see that
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the objects that are depicted here are
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the modes that are
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present in the buffer,
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which we knew about because the
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style of editing that we had in this
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buffer was the Vim style of editing
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where there's an insert mode at the
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ground level and a normal mode that you
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can escape to.
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You insert, enter the ground level.
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Enter to the insert mode and escape to
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normal mode. When you look at the
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mode mode
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representation, you see that in fact that
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is the structure that's depicted.
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But in different situations, you might
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find
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that these modes are not the
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ones that you want. You want something
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more tailored for the specific
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application.
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For instance, if you're editing
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Lisp code (or code in general, but
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Lisp code is a particular example),
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you might want to take advantage of the
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structure of
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the code. For Lisp code in particular,
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we have a mode called symex-mode
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which is able to reason
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about your code in terms of its tree
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structure.
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So you can use the same keystrokes: hjkl
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goes
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left, right, up, and down, but you also have
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other keystrokes that are more
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specialized to the application.
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You can run the code.
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We'll see that happen here in a minute.
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You can make changes to it really
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quickly
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and see the effects of those changes.
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You're doing this all in a mode
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that's convenient for
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this particular application, which is
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editing Lisp code,
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and that is, in this case, symex-mode.
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Typically, when you're editing code
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like this, you'd want to be
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in insert mode actually typing out the
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code,
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and then you'd want to escape to symex
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mode rather than normal mode,
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and then you could escape again and
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you'd end up in normal mode.
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So this, if we go to mode mode, we see is
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depicted
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as this tower where insert is at the
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bottom and normal is at the top, but
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symex-mode is in between
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the two. You could also change that if
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you like. If you don't want symex-mode to
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be there, you could just
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move it to the top. Now you find symex is
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at the top and you enter down to
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normal.
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You can see it on the status bar at the
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bottom there. Enter to insert,
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escape to normal, escape to symex.
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In fact, you can even add more modes if
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you don't like the existing ones.
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Now we have an additional mode here.
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We have window mode. It goes down to
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symex, it goes down to normal.
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Enter the insert, escape to normal, escape
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to symex, escape to window.
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So we've talked... Okay, so another thing
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actually to note here is that in editing
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modes,
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if you look at the mode line at the
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bottom of the screen,
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you'll see that we are currently, in this
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buffer,
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we are currently in line mode.
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I'm going to hit Enter now and
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you'll see that when I hit
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Enter, nothing is happening. It's still in
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line mode.
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If you hit Escape, it's still in line mode.
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You can find out the reason for that
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by taking another meta jump out of this.
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You'll see that, in fact, the reason
00:10:12.800 --> 00:10:15.279
is that we're currently in line mode,
00:10:15.279 --> 00:10:17.360
and line mode is the only one available
00:10:17.360 --> 00:10:19.519
in this tower
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for editing the modes that are in
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operation in your ground level.
00:10:24.880 --> 00:10:26.560
In fact, line mode is all you need
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here, because this is just
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the nature of how these modes are
00:10:30.320 --> 00:10:32.079
laid out is
00:10:32.079 --> 00:10:35.040
in rows. So line mode is the most
00:10:35.040 --> 00:10:36.399
appropriate thing here.
00:10:36.399 --> 00:10:37.680
But you could change it to something
00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:39.740
else if you like.
00:10:40.959 --> 00:10:44.160
Now we've seen two towers. We've
00:10:44.160 --> 00:10:44.560
seen
00:10:44.560 --> 00:10:48.079
the Vim tower and we've seen
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also the symex tower, the Lisp tower.
00:10:53.680 --> 00:10:56.959
It turns out that, because we've been
00:10:56.959 --> 00:10:58.880
talking about towers now,
00:10:58.880 --> 00:11:01.519
by the rumpelstiltskin principle, towers
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also
00:11:02.800 --> 00:11:06.399
can be talked about,
00:11:06.399 --> 00:11:09.279
and therefore they also are a mode. So
00:11:09.279 --> 00:11:11.200
how do we go to tower mode?
00:11:11.200 --> 00:11:14.640
The way we go to tower mode is
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we go in a slightly different direction,
00:11:19.200 --> 00:11:20.800
and we find that we are now in tower
00:11:20.800 --> 00:11:23.360
mode.
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We see that there are many towers
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available. We're now...
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We're seeing several possible
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towers that we have written
00:11:36.240 --> 00:11:39.120
to be available and for use in
00:11:39.120 --> 00:11:41.440
different buffers. You can edit them
00:11:41.440 --> 00:11:44.000
on the fly. For instance, let's enter this
00:11:44.000 --> 00:11:46.630
tower.
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Now you see that in the bottom of
00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:51.519
the... In the mode line, you see that we're
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going
00:11:52.480 --> 00:11:54.240
across all of these different modes that
00:11:54.240 --> 00:11:56.480
were in the tower.
00:11:56.480 --> 00:11:58.800
You could escape and you could even
00:11:58.800 --> 00:12:00.399
move things around. You could put window
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mode
00:12:00.880 --> 00:12:02.399
all the way at the bottom, right above
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insert mode.
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Let's see that happen. There it is, window
00:12:06.880 --> 00:12:09.839
is right above insert, and
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so on. The tower always reflects your
00:12:13.040 --> 00:12:14.240
current position,
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so if you're in buffer mode here and you
00:12:15.760 --> 00:12:17.600
go down to line mode,
00:12:17.600 --> 00:12:19.120
when you go back to mode mode, you see
00:12:19.120 --> 00:12:22.480
that we are in line mode.
00:12:22.480 --> 00:12:24.000
But in practice, you wouldn't have a
00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:26.160
tower this elaborate because
00:12:26.160 --> 00:12:28.959
you'd rather have several smaller towers
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you enter,
00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:33.360
that you alternate between.
00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:36.639
Okay. So one
00:12:36.639 --> 00:12:39.839
other thing of interest here is that
00:12:39.839 --> 00:12:42.240
when you're in tower mode,
00:12:42.240 --> 00:12:43.839
if you look at the status line at the
00:12:43.839 --> 00:12:45.920
bottom there, we are currently
00:12:45.920 --> 00:12:49.200
in buffer mode while we are in tower
00:12:49.200 --> 00:12:49.839
mode.
00:12:49.839 --> 00:12:51.600
Tower mode actually isn't a mode
00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:53.519
really. Neither is mode mode. They're
00:12:53.519 --> 00:12:53.920
really
00:12:53.920 --> 00:12:58.000
referential planes or meta planes.
00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:00.959
In any case, you can see that we're in
00:13:00.959 --> 00:13:03.120
buffer mode. We can take a meta jump
00:13:03.120 --> 00:13:04.560
out of this to confirm
00:13:04.560 --> 00:13:07.120
that buffer mode is the only mode
00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:08.000
available
00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:10.560
when we're editing towers because that's
00:13:10.560 --> 00:13:11.200
the one
00:13:11.200 --> 00:13:14.240
we need, given that our towers are
00:13:14.240 --> 00:13:15.200
represented
00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:23.200
in individual buffers.
00:13:23.200 --> 00:13:26.000
Right. So let's see where we're
00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:26.320
at.
00:13:26.320 --> 00:13:28.240
Rumpelstiltskin principle... We talked
00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:30.160
about mode mode.
00:13:30.160 --> 00:13:32.240
We talked about the strange loop
00:13:32.240 --> 00:13:33.920
application of
00:13:33.920 --> 00:13:37.820
ground level modes in meta levels.
00:13:39.600 --> 00:13:42.240
We saw the different towers, and
00:13:42.240 --> 00:13:43.199
in fact,
00:13:43.199 --> 00:13:46.639
we're currently in
00:13:46.639 --> 00:13:50.720
Vim tower,
00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:53.120
where you can go to Emacs tower. Now,
00:13:53.120 --> 00:13:54.720
with a single keystroke, you can
00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:55.760
alternate
00:13:55.760 --> 00:13:59.040
between Emacs
00:13:59.040 --> 00:14:02.399
and Vim, which are represented--which are
00:14:02.399 --> 00:14:05.519
modeled as towers.
00:14:13.360 --> 00:14:15.360
So there's... One thing that we've
00:14:15.360 --> 00:14:17.040
sort of alluded to is that there are two
00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:18.160
directions
00:14:18.160 --> 00:14:20.480
that you can travel in when you're going
00:14:20.480 --> 00:14:22.399
through this framework.
00:14:22.399 --> 00:14:25.120
One direction is--and we'll
00:14:25.120 --> 00:14:33.760
visualize it like so...
00:14:33.760 --> 00:14:35.120
There's two directions you can travel,
00:14:35.120 --> 00:14:37.040
and you can either go sideways or you
00:14:37.040 --> 00:14:38.399
can go up and down.
00:14:38.399 --> 00:14:40.399
If you go sideways, you're changing your
00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:41.680
perspective.
00:14:41.680 --> 00:14:45.440
So normal mode, word mode, line mode,
00:14:45.440 --> 00:14:47.360
window mode, and so on are all different
00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:49.120
perspectives on your
00:14:49.120 --> 00:14:51.680
ground editing experience.
00:14:51.680 --> 00:14:53.040
The other direction you can travel
00:14:53.040 --> 00:14:55.519
in is up or down, which takes you
00:14:55.519 --> 00:14:57.920
through meta levels. So you go from the
00:14:57.920 --> 00:14:59.600
ground level editing experience
00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:01.920
up to mode mode and then up to the tower
00:15:01.920 --> 00:15:03.440
plane and so on
00:15:03.440 --> 00:15:07.040
and so on.
00:15:07.040 --> 00:15:10.800
So this all sounds
00:15:10.800 --> 00:15:14.880
very complex, but the truth is
00:15:14.880 --> 00:15:18.160
it's not really that complicated
00:15:18.160 --> 00:15:21.519
even though it feels that way. The reason
00:15:21.519 --> 00:15:22.959
it isn't that complicated
00:15:22.959 --> 00:15:26.480
is because no matter how many levels
00:15:26.480 --> 00:15:28.800
up or down you go and no matter where
00:15:28.800 --> 00:15:30.160
you are,
00:15:30.160 --> 00:15:32.399
whether you're in at the ground level
00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.079
editing the actual text
00:15:34.079 --> 00:15:36.000
or whether you're at a meta level, some
00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:37.600
unknown meta level and you don't know
00:15:37.600 --> 00:15:39.279
where you are,
00:15:39.279 --> 00:15:42.320
no matter where you are, the way in which
00:15:42.320 --> 00:15:44.399
you interact with it
00:15:44.399 --> 00:15:47.519
is the same at every level.
00:15:47.519 --> 00:15:52.000
That is the great power of
00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:55.440
this approach: that
00:15:55.440 --> 00:15:58.720
all of the different levels are the
00:15:58.720 --> 00:16:00.880
same.
00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:03.839
In fact, the complexity of the whole
00:16:03.839 --> 00:16:05.759
is exactly identical to the
00:16:05.759 --> 00:16:08.720
complexity of each part, so if you know
00:16:08.720 --> 00:16:10.000
how to edit words
00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:12.959
in the ground level buffer and you know
00:16:12.959 --> 00:16:13.440
how to move
00:16:13.440 --> 00:16:15.839
lines around using line mode, then you
00:16:15.839 --> 00:16:16.720
know how to edit
00:16:16.720 --> 00:16:19.519
any aspect of your editing experience at
00:16:19.519 --> 00:16:22.800
any level.
00:16:30.079 --> 00:16:32.000
So this is a pre-release demo. This
00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:33.839
doesn't exist on MELPA
00:16:33.839 --> 00:16:36.880
yet, but you can follow updates
00:16:36.880 --> 00:16:40.079
at this repo on github.
00:16:40.079 --> 00:16:44.079
If you can also be a beta tester or
00:16:44.079 --> 00:16:45.199
something like that, if you like, that
00:16:45.199 --> 00:16:46.000
would be very
00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:49.199
helpful. You can learn more about
00:16:49.199 --> 00:16:50.560
this at
00:16:50.560 --> 00:16:53.920
drym.org, which is where I house
00:16:53.920 --> 00:16:55.920
the research that I work on. In
00:16:55.920 --> 00:16:57.279
particular
00:16:57.279 --> 00:17:00.800
the research on epistemic levels is what
00:17:00.800 --> 00:17:03.600
inspired this particular Emacs extension.
00:17:03.600 --> 00:17:06.480
You can also learn about dialectical
00:17:06.480 --> 00:17:08.480
inheritance attribution, which is the
00:17:08.480 --> 00:17:10.880
basis of
00:17:10.880 --> 00:17:14.559
a new economic system that could be fair
00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:16.959
and could lead to a prosperous and happy
00:17:16.959 --> 00:17:19.439
world.
00:17:19.439 --> 00:17:22.799
You can follow me on
00:17:22.799 --> 00:17:26.319
Twitter at @countvajhula.
00:17:26.319 --> 00:17:31.919
That's it! Thank you.
