WEBVTT

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far away in the heavenly abode of the

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great god indra

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there is a wonderful net which has been

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hung by some cunning artificer

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in such a manner that it stretches out

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infinitely in all directions

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in accordance with the extravagant

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tastes of deities the artificer has hung

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a single glittering jewel in each eye of

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the net

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and since the net itself is infinite the

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jewels are infinite in number

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there hang the jewels glittering like

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stars in the first magnitude

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a wonderful sight to behold were we to

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select one of these jewels for

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inspection

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we would discover that in its polished

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surface there are reflected

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all the other jewels in the net infinite

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in number

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if we look still more closely we would

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see that each of the jewels reflected in

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this one jewel

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reflects all the others this is the

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metaphor of indra's net

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which is told in some schools of

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philosophy let's keep this metaphor in

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mind

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because it'll help us understand the

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Emacs extension that we're about to

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discuss

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so in editing text there's two

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main paradigms one

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is um editing at the ground level

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where the characters that we type

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actually appear on the screen

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the changes we make actually occur

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[Music]

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the other editing paradigm is where we

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escape to a higher level

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and now the characters that we type are

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not

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they don't actually appear on the screen

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because we're not at the ground level

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with the text we are at a higher level

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looking down at the text

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and regarding the text referring to

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this world of text in terms of a

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language

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for instance we could describe this

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world as having words and paragraphs and

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sentences and

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lines and so on and we could reason

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about this

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text in terms of these

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textual entities and this textual

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language

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this is the second paradigm of text

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editing

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and when we're in the second paradigm

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there is a way to go down to ground

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level you hit enter

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now or we'll hit enter to go down to the

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ground level and you can hit escape

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to go back out to the referential level

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enter to go down to ground level

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and escape to go up to the referential

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level

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now in vim the nouns

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in this world of text all

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share the same referential plane which

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we call

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normal mode so in normal mode all of the

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nouns

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of the world of text are available

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whether it's words or sentences or

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paragraphs

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and they all share this same

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referential plane and there's uh

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they sort of compete for space on the

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keyboard

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um so an alternative uh

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way to structure these modes is instead

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of having a single mode where all the

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nouns coexist

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peacefully or otherwise you instead

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have a dedicated mode for every noun

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so in that case what happens is because

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your modal spaces are now much smaller

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you're just talking about words or

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paragraphs or

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lines or something the keys that you use

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can be much more targeted

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and you can use the same keystrokes in

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in all of your modes and they would have

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the same ideas behind them but

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they would have different effects

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depending on which context you're using

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so it's the same keystrokes different

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contexts

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and the advantage of that is it's often

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easier

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to change context than it is to

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learn new key bindings so let's see

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an example of how that works we go into

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character mode and if you look at the

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mode

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line at the bottom of the screen there

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you'll see that we're in character mode

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and now when we move up down left and

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right we're moving by character

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we can also transform the text and

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the transformations occur in terms of

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character

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you can also go into word mode and in

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word mode

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the transformations that you do are on

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words

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and you try you your movement is also in

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terms of words

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so that's the level of granularity that

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you have

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you could also go to line mode and when

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you're in line mode

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you go up and down by line and you can

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move

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lines up and down left and right and so

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on

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and the transformations you do are in

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terms of lines

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you could also go to window mode where

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now the objects that you're referring to

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are windows and you can

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move spatially amongst the windows or

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make do transformations on the windows

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using the same keystrokes

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[Music]

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um

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so let's go to

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um right and so um the one of the things

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the the principles that play here is

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something called the rumpelstiltskin

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principle which is something

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that's known in computer science which

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is that if you can name something then

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you have that you have power

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then you have power over it so this is

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kind of an adaptation of that principle

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which says that if you can

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name something and if you can talk about

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it then it's a noun

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[Music]

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in your editing language and if it's a

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noun then it has

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it's a mode so if we can talk about it

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it's a noun

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if it's a noun then it's a mode and one

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of the things we've been talking a lot

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about

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is modes so in fact

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uh by this principle modes also

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should be a mode

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you should have a mode that can reason

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in terms of modes as objects just like

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you have

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modes where you can reason in terms of

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words or lines as objects

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and so let's do that let's go to mode

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mode

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when you go to mode mode you see that uh

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the objects that are depicted here are

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the modes that are

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that are present in the buffer

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which we knew about um because the

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style of editing that we had in this

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buffer was the vim style of editing

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where there's an insert mode at the

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ground level and a normal mode that you

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can escape

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to you insert enter the ground level

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enter to the insert mode and escape to

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normal mode and when you look at the

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mode mode

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representation you see that in fact that

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is the structure that's depicted

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but in different situations you might

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find

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that you that these modes are not the

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ones that you want you want something

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more tailored for the specific

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application

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for instance if you're editing

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[Music]

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lisp code uh or or code in general but

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list code is a particular example

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you might want to take advantage of the

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structure of

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the code and for lisp code in particular

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we have a mode called symax mode

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which is able to reason

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about your code in terms of its tree

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structure

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so you can use the same keystrokes hkl

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goes

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left right up and down but you also have

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other keystrokes that are more

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specialized to the application

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and you can run the code and

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we'll see that happen here in a minute

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and you can make changes to it really

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quickly

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and see the effects of those changes

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and you're doing this all in a mode

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that's convenient for

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this particular application which is

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editing lisp code

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and that is in this case symmex mode

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so typically when you're editing code

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like this you'd want to be

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in insert mode actually typing out the

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code

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and then you'd want to escape to simex

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mode rather than normal mode

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and then you could escape again and

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you'd end up in normal mode

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so this if we go to mode mode we see is

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depicted

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as this tower where insert is at the

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bottom and normal is at the top but

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symmex mode is in between

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the two you could also change that if

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you like if you don't want cmx mode to

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be there you could just

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move it to the top and now you find some

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mixes at the top and you enter down to

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normal

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you can see it on the status bar at the

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bottom there enter to insert

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escape to normal escape to symmex and

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in fact you can even add more modes if

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you don't like the existing ones

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[Music]

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and now we have an additional mode here

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we have window mode it goes down to

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symmex goes down to normal

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enter the insert escape to normal escape

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to smx escape the window

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um so we've talked okay so another thing

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actually to note here is that in editing

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modes um

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if you look at the mode line at the

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bottom of the screen

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you'll see that we are currently in this

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buffer

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we are currently in line mode

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and I'm going to hit enter now and

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you'll see that when I hit

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enter nothing is happening it's still in

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line mode

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if you'd escape it's still in line mode

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and you can find out the reason for that

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by taking another meta jump out of this

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and you'll see that in fact the reason

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is that we're currently in line mode

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and line mode is the only one available

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in this tower

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for editing the modes that are in

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operation in your ground level

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and in fact line mode is all you need

00:10:26.560 --> 00:10:28.320
here because this is just

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uh the nature of how these modes are

00:10:30.320 --> 00:10:32.079
laid out is

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in in rows and so line mode is the most

00:10:35.040 --> 00:10:36.399
appropriate thing here

00:10:36.399 --> 00:10:37.680
but you could change it to something

00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:39.740
else if you like

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[Music]

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and then now we've seen two towers we've

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seen

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the vim tower and we've seen

00:10:48.079 --> 00:10:53.680
also the symex tower the the lisp tower

00:10:53.680 --> 00:10:56.959
and it turns out that because we've been

00:10:56.959 --> 00:10:58.880
talking about towers now

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by the rumpelstiltskin principle towers

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also

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um can be talked about

00:11:06.399 --> 00:11:09.279
and therefore they also are a mode so

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how do we go to tower mode

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and the way we go tower mode is we do

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we go in a slightly different direction

00:11:19.200 --> 00:11:20.800
and we find that we are now in tower

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mode

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and we see that there are many towers

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available so we're now

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we're we're seeing several possible

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towers that we have written

00:11:36.240 --> 00:11:39.120
um to be available and for use in

00:11:39.120 --> 00:11:41.440
different buffers and you can edit them

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on the fly for instance let's enter this

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tower

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[Music]

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and now you see that in the bottom of

00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:51.519
the in the mode line you see that we're

00:11:51.519 --> 00:11:52.480
going

00:11:52.480 --> 00:11:54.240
across all of these different modes that

00:11:54.240 --> 00:11:56.480
were in the tower

00:11:56.480 --> 00:11:58.800
and you could escape and you could even

00:11:58.800 --> 00:12:00.399
move things around you could put window

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mode

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all the way at the bottom right above

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insert mode

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let's see that happen there it is window

00:12:06.880 --> 00:12:09.839
is right above insert

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so on and the tower always reflects your

00:12:13.040 --> 00:12:14.240
current position

00:12:14.240 --> 00:12:15.760
so if you're in buffer mode here and you

00:12:15.760 --> 00:12:17.600
go down to line mode

00:12:17.600 --> 00:12:19.120
when you go back to mode mode you see

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that we are in line mode

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but in practice you wouldn't have a

00:12:24.000 --> 00:12:26.160
tower this elaborate because

00:12:26.160 --> 00:12:28.959
you'd rather have several smaller towers

00:12:28.959 --> 00:12:29.440
you

00:12:29.440 --> 00:12:33.360
enter that you alternate between

00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:36.639
um okay so one

00:12:36.639 --> 00:12:39.839
other thing of interest here is that

00:12:39.839 --> 00:12:42.240
when you're in tower mode

00:12:42.240 --> 00:12:43.839
if you look at the status line at the

00:12:43.839 --> 00:12:45.920
bottom there we are currently

00:12:45.920 --> 00:12:49.200
in buffer mode while we are in tower

00:12:49.200 --> 00:12:49.839
mode

00:12:49.839 --> 00:12:51.600
and tower mode actually isn't a mode

00:12:51.600 --> 00:12:53.519
really neither is mode mode they're

00:12:53.519 --> 00:12:53.920
really

00:12:53.920 --> 00:12:58.000
referential planes or meta planes

00:12:58.000 --> 00:13:00.959
um in any case you can see that we're in

00:13:00.959 --> 00:13:03.120
buffer mode and we can take a meta jump

00:13:03.120 --> 00:13:04.560
out of this to confirm

00:13:04.560 --> 00:13:07.120
that buffer mode is the only mode

00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:08.000
available

00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:10.560
when we're editing towers because that's

00:13:10.560 --> 00:13:11.200
the one

00:13:11.200 --> 00:13:14.240
we need given that our towers are

00:13:14.240 --> 00:13:15.200
represented

00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:23.200
in individual buffers

00:13:23.200 --> 00:13:26.000
right so let's uh let's see where we're

00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:26.320
at

00:13:26.320 --> 00:13:28.240
trump's still skin principle we talked

00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:30.160
about mode mode

00:13:30.160 --> 00:13:32.240
um we talked about the strange loop

00:13:32.240 --> 00:13:33.920
application of

00:13:33.920 --> 00:13:37.820
ground level modes in meta levels

00:13:37.820 --> 00:13:39.600
[Music]

00:13:39.600 --> 00:13:42.240
and yeah we saw the different towers and

00:13:42.240 --> 00:13:43.199
in fact

00:13:43.199 --> 00:13:46.639
you can we're currently in

00:13:46.639 --> 00:13:50.720
vim tower

00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:53.120
where you can go to Emacs tower and now

00:13:53.120 --> 00:13:54.720
with a single keystroke you can

00:13:54.720 --> 00:13:55.760
alternate

00:13:55.760 --> 00:13:59.040
between e-max

00:13:59.040 --> 00:14:02.399
and vim which are represented which are

00:14:02.399 --> 00:14:05.519
modeled as towers

00:14:05.519 --> 00:14:09.279
um

00:14:09.279 --> 00:14:13.360
okay so

00:14:13.360 --> 00:14:15.360
so there's uh the one thing that we've

00:14:15.360 --> 00:14:17.040
sort of alluded to is that there are two

00:14:17.040 --> 00:14:18.160
directions

00:14:18.160 --> 00:14:20.480
that you can travel in when you're going

00:14:20.480 --> 00:14:22.399
through this framework

00:14:22.399 --> 00:14:25.120
one lev one direction is uh and we'll

00:14:25.120 --> 00:14:33.760
visualize it with uh like so

00:14:33.760 --> 00:14:35.120
there's two directions you can travel

00:14:35.120 --> 00:14:37.040
and you can either go sideways or you

00:14:37.040 --> 00:14:38.399
can go up and down

00:14:38.399 --> 00:14:40.399
if you go sideways you're changing your

00:14:40.399 --> 00:14:41.680
perspective

00:14:41.680 --> 00:14:45.440
so normal mode word mode line mode

00:14:45.440 --> 00:14:47.360
window mode and so on are all different

00:14:47.360 --> 00:14:49.120
perspectives on your under on your

00:14:49.120 --> 00:14:51.680
ground editing experience

00:14:51.680 --> 00:14:53.040
and the other direction you can travel

00:14:53.040 --> 00:14:55.519
in is up or down which takes you

00:14:55.519 --> 00:14:57.920
through meta levels so you go from the

00:14:57.920 --> 00:14:59.600
ground level editing experience

00:14:59.600 --> 00:15:01.920
up to mode mode and then up to the tower

00:15:01.920 --> 00:15:03.440
plane and so on

00:15:03.440 --> 00:15:07.040
or uh yeah and so on

00:15:07.040 --> 00:15:10.800
um yeah so this all sounds

00:15:10.800 --> 00:15:14.880
very complex but the truth is

00:15:14.880 --> 00:15:18.160
it's not really that complicated

00:15:18.160 --> 00:15:21.519
even though it feels that way the reason

00:15:21.519 --> 00:15:22.959
it isn't that complicated

00:15:22.959 --> 00:15:26.480
is because no matter how many levels

00:15:26.480 --> 00:15:28.800
up or down you go and no matter where

00:15:28.800 --> 00:15:30.160
you are

00:15:30.160 --> 00:15:32.399
whether you're in at the ground level

00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.079
editing the actual text

00:15:34.079 --> 00:15:36.000
or whether you're at a meta level some

00:15:36.000 --> 00:15:37.600
unknown meta level and you don't know

00:15:37.600 --> 00:15:39.279
where you are

00:15:39.279 --> 00:15:42.320
no matter where you are the way in which

00:15:42.320 --> 00:15:44.399
you interact with it

00:15:44.399 --> 00:15:47.519
is the same at every level

00:15:47.519 --> 00:15:52.000
and that is the great power of um

00:15:52.000 --> 00:15:55.440
this approach is that

00:15:55.440 --> 00:15:58.720
all of the different levels um are the

00:15:58.720 --> 00:16:00.880
same

00:16:00.880 --> 00:16:03.839
and in fact the complexity of the whole

00:16:03.839 --> 00:16:05.759
is exactly identical to the

00:16:05.759 --> 00:16:08.720
complexity of each part so if you know

00:16:08.720 --> 00:16:10.000
how to edit words

00:16:10.000 --> 00:16:12.959
in the ground level buffer and you know

00:16:12.959 --> 00:16:13.440
how to move

00:16:13.440 --> 00:16:15.839
lines around using line mode then you

00:16:15.839 --> 00:16:16.720
know how to edit

00:16:16.720 --> 00:16:19.519
any aspect of your editing experience at

00:16:19.519 --> 00:16:22.800
any level

00:16:22.800 --> 00:16:23.310
so

00:16:23.310 --> 00:16:26.240
[Music]

00:16:26.240 --> 00:16:30.079
um

00:16:30.079 --> 00:16:32.000
so this is a pre-release demo this

00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:33.839
doesn't exist on melpa

00:16:33.839 --> 00:16:36.880
yet but you can follow updates um

00:16:36.880 --> 00:16:40.079
at this repo on github

00:16:40.079 --> 00:16:44.079
and if you can also be a beta tester or

00:16:44.079 --> 00:16:45.199
something like that if you like that

00:16:45.199 --> 00:16:46.000
would be very

00:16:46.000 --> 00:16:49.199
uh helpful and you can learn more about

00:16:49.199 --> 00:16:50.560
this at

00:16:50.560 --> 00:16:53.920
dream.org which is where I house

00:16:53.920 --> 00:16:55.920
the research that I work on and in

00:16:55.920 --> 00:16:57.279
particular

00:16:57.279 --> 00:17:00.800
the research on epistemic levels is what

00:17:00.800 --> 00:17:03.600
inspired this particular Emacs extension

00:17:03.600 --> 00:17:06.480
you can also learn about dialectical

00:17:06.480 --> 00:17:08.480
inheritance attribution which is the

00:17:08.480 --> 00:17:10.880
basis of

00:17:10.880 --> 00:17:14.559
a new economic system that could be fair

00:17:14.559 --> 00:17:16.959
and could lead to a prosperous and happy

00:17:16.959 --> 00:17:19.439
world

00:17:19.439 --> 00:17:22.799
and um yeah you can follow me on

00:17:22.799 --> 00:17:26.319
twitter at countwajoula and

00:17:26.319 --> 00:17:31.919
that's it thank you