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+WEBVTT captioned by Morgan Kothman
+
+00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:05.000
+Haú, mitákuyepi Grant Shangreaux emáčiyap̄i
+
+00:00:05.000 --> 00:00:10.519
+nahaŋ iyuha ċaŋte waṡteya nape ciyuzap̄elo.
+
+00:00:10.480 --> 00:00:11.519
+Hello relatives.
+
+00:00:11.519 --> 00:00:15.040
+Grant Shangreaux is what they call me,
+
+00:00:15.040 --> 00:00:18.960
+and all of you I gladly take your hand
+
+00:00:18.960 --> 00:00:22.160
+and shake it.
+
+00:00:22.160 --> 00:00:26.240
+Greetings everyone.
+
+00:00:26.240 --> 00:00:28.560
+Today I'm going to talk about Lakota
+
+00:00:28.560 --> 00:00:30.480
+language and Emacs and how
+
+00:00:30.480 --> 00:00:33.680
+free software and Emacs empowered me to
+
+00:00:33.680 --> 00:00:36.000
+write on the computer in the language of
+
+00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:39.520
+my ancestors.
+
+00:00:39.520 --> 00:00:42.640
+Start off the look with the story of
+
+00:00:42.640 --> 00:00:45.760
+Lakȟótiyapi, the Lakota language.
+
+00:00:45.760 --> 00:00:48.800
+The Lakota/Dakota dialect area,
+
+00:00:48.800 --> 00:00:51.960
+for those of you who you don't of know,
+
+00:00:52.360 --> 00:00:55.800
+the Lakota/Dakota people are also known
+
+00:00:55.800 --> 00:00:57.040
+as the Sioux,
+
+00:00:57.040 --> 00:00:59.960
+and the tribes cover an
+
+00:00:59.960 --> 00:01:03.320
+area of roughly 10 US states and parts
+
+00:01:03.320 --> 00:01:05.399
+of Canada and so this language is
+
+00:01:05.399 --> 00:01:08.679
+spoken over a wide range of
+
+00:01:08.679 --> 00:01:11.720
+area.
+
+00:01:11.720 --> 00:01:14.600
+However, the US government policy
+
+00:01:14.600 --> 00:01:16.840
+directly tried to silence this language.
+
+00:01:16.840 --> 00:01:18.840
+My father was taken to a boarding school
+
+00:01:18.840 --> 00:01:21.160
+and was punished for speaking
+
+00:01:21.160 --> 00:01:23.480
+his native language, and so he didn't
+
+00:01:23.480 --> 00:01:25.319
+teach it to his children.
+
+00:01:25.319 --> 00:01:29.800
+Several generations of Lakota and Dakota people
+
+00:01:29.800 --> 00:01:31.800
+and other tribes all over the country
+
+00:01:31.800 --> 00:01:34.760
+lost their first language, their native
+
+00:01:34.760 --> 00:01:38.520
+language. So today only around 2,000
+
+00:01:38.520 --> 00:01:41.240
+first language native speakers are
+
+00:01:41.240 --> 00:01:43.319
+speaking Lakota.
+
+00:01:43.319 --> 00:01:45.160
+However, there's language recovery
+
+00:01:45.160 --> 00:01:47.800
+projects that are empowering
+
+00:01:47.800 --> 00:01:49.959
+second language learners like myself to
+
+00:01:49.959 --> 00:01:51.920
+teach it to the new generation of
+
+00:01:51.920 --> 00:01:54.679
+children.
+
+00:01:54.679 --> 00:01:57.319
+Which brings me to my story. I grew up
+
+00:01:57.319 --> 00:01:58.200
+without knowing
+
+00:01:58.200 --> 00:02:01.080
+my heritage. I didn't know who my
+
+00:02:01.080 --> 00:02:01.720
+father was.
+
+00:02:01.720 --> 00:02:04.919
+Both my parents were white.
+
+00:02:04.919 --> 00:02:07.119
+I discovered my biological family
+
+00:02:07.119 --> 00:02:08.820
+in around 2015.
+
+00:02:08.820 --> 00:02:12.260
+It was kind of a shock to me up until that
+
+00:02:12.260 --> 00:02:13.940
+point probably the only time I'd heard
+
+00:02:14.040 --> 00:02:15.720
+the Lakota language was in
+
+00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:18.720
+the movie Dances with Wolves possibly
+
+00:02:18.920 --> 00:02:20.920
+some other times
+
+00:02:20.920 --> 00:02:24.360
+around nebraska I'd heard it but
+
+00:02:24.360 --> 00:02:27.300
+even myself growing up you know pretty
+
+00:02:27.400 --> 00:02:28.519
+close to
+
+00:02:28.519 --> 00:02:30.660
+to Lakota people and other native
+
+00:02:30.660 --> 00:02:32.439
+American people
+
+00:02:32.439 --> 00:02:34.660
+American Indian people I kind of thought
+
+00:02:34.660 --> 00:02:36.640
+it was just dead I thought the language
+
+00:02:36.640 --> 00:02:39.960
+was not alive anymore
+
+00:02:39.960 --> 00:02:42.100
+but in 2016 my daughter began her
+
+00:02:42.100 --> 00:02:44.120
+journey into this world and I
+
+00:02:44.120 --> 00:02:46.820
+I was doing a lot of searching to find
+
+00:02:46.820 --> 00:02:48.439
+out like what could I do
+
+00:02:48.439 --> 00:02:50.760
+you know not knowing my family, not
+
+00:02:50.760 --> 00:02:52.120
+knowing my culture
+
+00:02:52.120 --> 00:02:54.080
+what could I do to try to bring that
+
+00:02:54.080 --> 00:02:55.480
+into our life.
+
+00:02:55.480 --> 00:02:58.840
+And so I found out about these
+
+00:02:58.940 --> 00:03:01.020
+Lakota classes that were happening, I
+
+00:03:01.020 --> 00:03:02.820
+went up to Standing Rock
+
+00:03:02.820 --> 00:03:04.860
+in North Dakota and attended the Lakota
+
+00:03:04.860 --> 00:03:06.940
+Summer Institute for three weeks
+
+00:03:06.940 --> 00:03:08.580
+and began my journey to learn the
+
+00:03:08.580 --> 00:03:09.980
+language so I can
+
+00:03:09.980 --> 00:03:13.420
+try to pass it on.
+
+00:03:13.420 --> 00:03:16.860
+this brings us to Emacs.
+
+00:03:16.860 --> 00:03:19.500
+I could talk a lot more about my story.
+
+00:03:19.500 --> 00:03:21.259
+I'm sure there's a lot to say,
+
+00:03:21.259 --> 00:03:24.940
+But we're here to talk about Emacs.
+
+00:03:24.940 --> 00:03:26.619
+I was already a free software user at
+
+00:03:26.619 --> 00:03:29.340
+the time and at the Lakota Language
+
+00:03:29.340 --> 00:03:31.740
+Institute they they were they're
+
+00:03:31.740 --> 00:03:33.580
+giving us software, there's a dictionary
+
+00:03:33.580 --> 00:03:35.179
+you could get on Android.
+
+00:03:35.179 --> 00:03:37.660
+There is a keyboard for android that
+
+00:03:37.660 --> 00:03:38.860
+you could type with;
+
+00:03:38.860 --> 00:03:42.060
+they had keyboard input methods for Mac
+
+00:03:42.060 --> 00:03:45.259
+and Windows. But I'm a Linux, user free
+
+00:03:45.259 --> 00:03:47.020
+software user
+
+00:03:47.020 --> 00:03:49.001
+so I didn't have access to those things
+
+00:03:49.801 --> 00:03:53.420
+as easily as I could and I do a lot of
+
+00:03:53.420 --> 00:03:55.580
+my thinking and note taking in Emacs and
+
+00:03:55.580 --> 00:03:57.580
+in Org Mode
+
+00:03:57.580 --> 00:04:01.500
+and so being able to write this,
+
+00:04:01.500 --> 00:04:04.940
+to write things down, to type
+
+00:04:04.940 --> 00:04:07.780
+on my own computer was pretty
+
+00:04:07.780 --> 00:04:08.820
+important to me.
+
+00:04:08.820 --> 00:04:11.460
+And I wasn't much of an Emacs hacker yet
+
+00:04:11.460 --> 00:04:12.999
+at the time I had
+
+00:04:12.999 --> 00:04:15.619
+barely done anything mostly just
+
+00:04:15.619 --> 00:04:16.920
+you know, hacked on my
+
+00:04:16.920 --> 00:04:20.579
+config file. But this was a real
+
+00:04:20.579 --> 00:04:23.700
+chance for me to experience
+
+00:04:23.700 --> 00:04:27.380
+the benefits of free software first
+
+00:04:27.380 --> 00:04:30.600
+hand and not just to benefit myself but
+
+00:04:30.600 --> 00:04:34.280
+to potentially benefit
+
+00:04:34.280 --> 00:04:36.180
+everyone anyone interested in learning
+
+00:04:36.180 --> 00:04:39.420
+this language.
+
+00:04:39.420 --> 00:04:42.980
+So Emacs and
+
+00:04:42.980 --> 00:04:44.980
+that free software philosophy really
+
+00:04:44.980 --> 00:04:47.820
+empowered me so I began digging in
+
+00:04:47.820 --> 00:04:50.040
+I looked, I began reading the the
+
+00:04:50.040 --> 00:04:51.820
+manual more closely.
+
+00:04:51.820 --> 00:04:53.980
+As an american I'm sad to say
+
+00:04:53.980 --> 00:04:55.540
+there's not a lot of
+
+00:04:55.540 --> 00:04:58.279
+other languages spoken or written
+
+00:04:58.279 --> 00:05:00.360
+where I'm from
+
+00:05:00.360 --> 00:05:02.340
+so it's not common that I that I have to
+
+00:05:02.340 --> 00:05:04.920
+think about this with computers.
+
+00:05:04.920 --> 00:05:07.700
+I know international people, you know
+
+00:05:07.700 --> 00:05:09.220
+have had to come up with
+
+00:05:09.220 --> 00:05:12.360
+with interesting ways to enter their text
+
+00:05:12.360 --> 00:05:15.000
+and Emacs is probably a pioneer in that
+
+00:05:15.100 --> 00:05:16.520
+I'd like to know more about the
+
+00:05:16.520 --> 00:05:17.820
+history of this but
+
+00:05:17.820 --> 00:05:20.040
+there's a whole section in the manual on
+
+00:05:20.040 --> 00:05:20.501
+international Emacs.
+
+00:05:22.260 --> 00:05:23.940
+And I began reading this and I was
+
+00:05:23.940 --> 00:05:25.540
+talking about
+
+00:05:25.540 --> 00:05:28.200
+different input methods and how many
+
+00:05:28.200 --> 00:05:29.859
+different languages were supported and
+
+00:05:29.859 --> 00:05:31.880
+how you could enter the text and how it
+
+00:05:31.880 --> 00:05:34.860
+supports the different characters and so on.
+
+00:05:34.860 --> 00:05:36.739
+I even noticed a few languages
+
+00:05:36.739 --> 00:05:38.880
+support several input methods
+
+00:05:38.880 --> 00:05:41.940
+that became important for me later on as
+
+00:05:41.940 --> 00:05:43.540
+I was working on this
+
+00:05:43.540 --> 00:05:45.380
+many many languages are already
+
+00:05:45.380 --> 00:05:46.820
+supported so
+
+00:05:46.820 --> 00:05:48.479
+those of you who haven't looked into
+
+00:05:48.479 --> 00:05:50.280
+this yet if you press
+
+00:05:50.280 --> 00:05:52.739
+control backslash [CTRL-\] it will open up a
+
+00:05:52.739 --> 00:05:53.780
+selection menu
+
+00:05:53.780 --> 00:05:57.039
+for you to select
+
+00:05:57.039 --> 00:05:59.220
+your input method, and you can, there's
+
+00:05:59.220 --> 00:06:01.540
+207 listed here
+
+00:06:01.540 --> 00:06:03.220
+that's including the two that I've
+
+00:06:03.220 --> 00:06:04.739
+contributed.
+
+00:06:04.739 --> 00:06:09.399
+So 205 on a vanilla Emacs.
+
+00:06:09.399 --> 00:06:11.320
+So that's a lot of languages supported
+
+00:06:11.320 --> 00:06:13.940
+by Emacs but there's so many more
+
+00:06:13.940 --> 00:06:17.540
+that could be. And since Emacs is free
+
+00:06:17.540 --> 00:06:19.380
+software and it is what it is I knew
+
+00:06:19.380 --> 00:06:20.300
+that defining a new
+
+00:06:20.300 --> 00:06:22.939
+input method was surely possible.
+
+00:06:23.039 --> 00:06:25.540
+Unfortunately the the manual didn't
+
+00:06:25.540 --> 00:06:27.220
+describe it directly or at least I
+
+00:06:27.220 --> 00:06:28.900
+didn't pick it up so
+
+00:06:28.900 --> 00:06:32.519
+You know the new emacs hacker that I was
+
+00:06:32.519 --> 00:06:34.980
+I timidly dove down into the source code
+
+00:06:34.980 --> 00:06:37.560
+and discovered the Quail package.
+
+00:06:37.560 --> 00:06:40.660
+So back in the day apparently there
+
+00:06:40.660 --> 00:06:44.860
+was Mule which is like the
+
+00:06:44.860 --> 00:06:47.460
+multi... I don't know it stood for
+
+00:06:47.460 --> 00:06:48.200
+something about
+
+00:06:48.200 --> 00:06:50.360
+language environments and it has
+
+00:06:50.360 --> 00:06:52.059
+evolved and
+
+00:06:52.059 --> 00:06:55.260
+at some point some Japanese
+
+00:06:55.260 --> 00:06:58.200
+coders created an input method called
+
+00:06:58.200 --> 00:06:59.239
+Tamago
+
+00:06:59.239 --> 00:07:03.799
+which means egg in Japanese. And
+
+00:07:03.799 --> 00:07:06.820
+Tamago evolved into Quail and
+
+00:07:06.820 --> 00:07:09.000
+in the comments you can see they talk
+
+00:07:09.000 --> 00:07:10.920
+about how the quail egg is eaten in
+
+00:07:10.920 --> 00:07:13.100
+Japan it's a smaller thing and
+
+00:07:13.100 --> 00:07:15.580
+the quail-mode is like a nicer version
+
+00:07:15.580 --> 00:07:17.260
+of Tamago I guess and
+
+00:07:17.260 --> 00:07:19.139
+there's a pun saying they hoped it would
+
+00:07:19.139 --> 00:07:22.739
+egg people on to create more input modes.
+
+00:07:22.739 --> 00:07:26.340
+And Quail is quite nice. I looked into it
+
+00:07:26.340 --> 00:07:28.579
+and there's basically two things: you use
+
+00:07:28.579 --> 00:07:31.220
+quail-defined-package and quail-define-rules.
+
+00:07:32.340 --> 00:07:36.180
+So quail-define-package
+
+00:07:36.180 --> 00:07:39.160
+you can see here is a function, it's
+
+00:07:39.160 --> 00:07:41.859
+probably a macro that takes a name,
+
+00:07:41.859 --> 00:07:43.699
+a language, a title, and some optional
+
+00:07:43.699 --> 00:07:44.979
+stuff which
+
+00:07:44.979 --> 00:07:48.419
+I didn't really have to deal with.
+
+00:07:48.419 --> 00:07:50.379
+Define NAME as a new Quail package for
+
+00:07:50.379 --> 00:07:52.779
+input LANGUAGE. TITLE is a string to be split
+
+00:07:52.779 --> 00:07:54.900
+at the mode-line to indicate this package.
+
+00:07:57.420 --> 00:08:01.079
+So I began trying to do Lakota input. Now
+
+00:08:01.079 --> 00:08:03.139
+this is a whole thing on its own because
+
+00:08:03.139 --> 00:08:04.340
+the Lakota language
+
+00:08:04.340 --> 00:08:07.780
+was never written
+
+00:08:07.780 --> 00:08:10.900
+pre-contact and post-contact
+
+00:08:10.900 --> 00:08:12.979
+like there's several attempts at writing
+
+00:08:12.979 --> 00:08:14.900
+it and different orthographies
+
+00:08:14.900 --> 00:08:17.460
+and there's drama around all of this stuff.
+
+00:08:18.960 --> 00:08:21.420
+It's pretty common to have drama going
+
+00:08:21.420 --> 00:08:24.460
+on in any American Indian stuff
+
+00:08:24.460 --> 00:08:26.660
+going on. So as I was doing this I
+
+00:08:26.660 --> 00:08:28.579
+started with the suggested Lakota
+
+00:08:28.579 --> 00:08:29.780
+orthography which
+
+00:08:29.780 --> 00:08:33.180
+is actually called by its authors the
+
+00:08:33.180 --> 00:08:35.780
+the Standard Lakota Orthography but its
+
+00:08:35.780 --> 00:08:37.259
+authors are
+
+00:08:37.259 --> 00:08:41.180
+are European.
+
+00:08:41.180 --> 00:08:43.139
+The main author is a man named Jan
+
+00:08:43.139 --> 00:08:45.140
+Ullrich, and I appreciate all his work, and
+
+00:08:45.140 --> 00:08:46.360
+I'm grateful for
+
+00:08:46.360 --> 00:08:49.360
+the materials he's made available, but
+
+00:08:49.360 --> 00:08:51.140
+it's a little bit problematic because
+
+00:08:51.140 --> 00:08:54.060
+it's not an orthography created by
+
+00:08:54.060 --> 00:08:56.820
+our people, by Lakota people. So there's
+
+00:08:56.820 --> 00:08:58.220
+another one called the White Hat
+
+00:08:58.220 --> 00:09:00.380
+Orthography which is created by Albert
+
+00:09:00.380 --> 00:09:02.139
+White Hat who's a teacher
+
+00:09:02.139 --> 00:09:04.580
+from the Sičháŋǧu tribe. So I
+
+00:09:04.580 --> 00:09:05.460
+created two
+
+00:09:05.460 --> 00:09:08.840
+and thankfully Emacs lets me do that so
+
+00:09:08.840 --> 00:09:10.780
+it's pretty simple. quail-defined-package
+
+00:09:10.780 --> 00:09:13.579
+I just say the package I want and then all
+
+00:09:13.579 --> 00:09:15.460
+these nils and t's for options I don't
+
+00:09:15.460 --> 00:09:16.580
+actually know what they mean but it
+
+00:09:16.580 --> 00:09:18.440
+works
+
+00:09:18.440 --> 00:09:20.540
+I could look it up. And then quail-define-rules
+
+00:09:20.540 --> 00:09:22.740
+just defines mappings from ascii
+
+00:09:22.740 --> 00:09:23.900
+keys to
+
+00:09:23.900 --> 00:09:25.840
+the text you want to put in.
+
+00:09:25.840 --> 00:09:29.780
+So for this one there's a nasal n and then
+
+00:09:29.780 --> 00:09:33.700
+a dot and a macron like a wedge shape
+
+00:09:33.700 --> 00:09:36.740
+for marking up the consonants
+
+00:09:36.740 --> 00:09:39.939
+so that one's pretty easy and then the
+
+00:09:39.939 --> 00:09:41.860
+suggested Lakota orthography is a little
+
+00:09:41.860 --> 00:09:43.140
+bit more difficult
+
+00:09:43.140 --> 00:09:45.700
+but still pretty easy I just map a
+
+00:09:45.700 --> 00:09:46.900
+sequence of keys
+
+00:09:46.900 --> 00:09:49.860
+a followed by the apostrophe makes the
+
+00:09:49.860 --> 00:09:51.860
+accented vowels so all of those
+
+00:09:51.860 --> 00:09:53.619
+and then again we have the hot checks
+
+00:09:53.619 --> 00:09:55.939
+for the guttural sounds of the language
+
+00:09:55.939 --> 00:09:58.499
+and the nasal n. So that's it basically
+
+00:09:58.499 --> 00:09:59.220
+these two
+
+00:09:59.220 --> 00:10:02.580
+definitions allow me to type
+
+00:10:02.580 --> 00:10:06.860
+Lakota language in Emacs
+
+00:10:06.860 --> 00:10:10.020
+and it's great, it works. Great
+publishing it
+
+00:10:10.020 --> 00:10:11.860
+is another problematic thing. I wanted to
+
+00:10:11.860 --> 00:10:13.939
+use free software to do that.
+
+00:10:13.939 --> 00:10:16.179
+So the first thing I did was I posted
+
+00:10:16.179 --> 00:10:17.700
+on SourceHut
+
+00:10:17.700 --> 00:10:19.540
+which is great, it's a good alternative
+
+00:10:19.540 --> 00:10:21.059
+for a Git Forge
+
+00:10:21.059 --> 00:10:22.980
+and I got it published on Melpa, so the
+
+00:10:22.980 --> 00:10:24.100
+Lakota input
+
+00:10:24.100 --> 00:10:25.960
+package is available if you'd like to
+
+00:10:25.960 --> 00:10:28.060
+try it out.
+
+00:10:28.060 --> 00:10:30.139
+And Bandali one of our hosts for the
+
+00:10:30.139 --> 00:10:31.780
+conference is helping me now
+
+00:10:31.780 --> 00:10:33.300
+through the process of committing the
+
+00:10:33.300 --> 00:10:35.379
+code to Emacs
+
+00:10:35.379 --> 00:10:37.220
+because I would like to do that I would
+
+00:10:37.220 --> 00:10:39.379
+like it to be available to everyone
+
+00:10:39.379 --> 00:10:41.780
+through Emacs itself so that anyone who
+
+00:10:41.780 --> 00:10:43.379
+wants to use it just has to download
+
+00:10:43.379 --> 00:10:44.020
+Emacs
+
+00:10:44.020 --> 00:10:46.540
+and there you go you can type Lakota language.
+
+00:10:46.920 --> 00:10:50.160
+So. Pilámayaye. Thank you
+
+00:10:50.160 --> 00:10:53.179
+all for listening, and
+
+00:10:53.179 --> 00:10:56.020
+I hope to see you around in our Emacs
+
+00:10:56.020 --> 00:10:58.720
+community.
+
+00:10:58.720 --> 00:11:05.020
+Tókša akhé, wačhíŋ kiŋ kte.